The effect of elevated CO2 and soil type on non-structural carbohydrates in beech leaves and norway spruce needles growing in model ecosystems

Landolt, W.; Pfenninger, Ilse

doi:10.1016/s1146-609x(97)80025-2

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates, which is often found to increase during cold hardening, and also associated with development of freezing tolerance Hampp 1993, 1996), was not significantly affected by elevated CO 2 . Similar results have been reported from studies on needles of black spruce (Campagna and Margolis 1989) and older Norway spruce trees (Landolt and Pfenninger 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates, which is often found to increase during cold hardening, and is also associated with development of freezing tolerance Hampp 1993, 1996), was not significantly affected by elevated CO 2 during cold acclimation. Similar findings, where elevated CO 2 has not significantly increased carbohydrate concentration, have been reported for Norway spruce (Wiemken et al 1996;Landolt and Pfenninger 1997;Dalen et al 2001), black spruce (Campagna and Margolis 1989), and Engelmann spruce [Picea engelmannii (Parry) Engelm.] (Chomba et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Dalen¹,

Johnsen²

2004

Trees - Structure and Function

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Plant growth and adaptation to cold and freezing temperatures in a CO 2 -enriched atmosphere have received little attention despite the predicted effects of elevated CO 2 on plant distribution and productivity. Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings from latitudinally distinct seed sources (66N and 60N) were grown for one simulated growth season under controlled conditions in an atmosphere enriched in CO 2 (70 Pa) and at ambient CO 2 (40 Pa), combined factorially with low (3.6 mM) or high (15.7 mM) concentrations of nitrogen fertilization. There was a clear difference between the two provenances in height growth, in the timing of bud set, and in freezing tolerance. Nitrogen fertilization increased height growth in both provenances, while CO 2 enrichment stimulated height growth only in the southern provenance. We found no significant effects of elevated CO 2 or nitrogen fertilization on the timing of bud set. During cold acclimation, freezing tolerance increased from 10C to 35C, and there was a marked increase in all soluble sugars except inositol. Elevated CO 2 in combination with high nitrogen led to a slight increased freezing tolerance in both provenances during the early stages of cold acclimation. However, towards the end of cold acclimation, elevated CO 2 and high nitrogen led to reduced freezing tolerance in the southern provenance, while elevated CO 2 and low nitrogen reduced freezing tolerance in the northern provenance. These results suggest that CO 2 enrichment influences the development of freezing tolerance, and that these responses differ with available nitrogen and between provenances.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Dalen¹,

Johnsen²

2004

Trees - Structure and Function

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“…However, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates, which is often found to increase during cold hardening, and also associated with development of freezing tolerance (Egger and Hampp 1993, 1996), was not significantly affected by elevated CO 2 . Similar results have been reported from studies on needles of black spruce (Campagna and Margolis 1989) and older Norway spruce trees (Landolt and Pfenninger 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

CO₂ enrichment and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Dalen¹,

Johnsen²,

Ogner³

2001

Physiologia Plantarum

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Plant growth and adaptation to cold and freezing temperatures in a CO2‐enriched atmosphere have received little attention despite their predicted effects on plant distribution and productivity. In this study we looked at the interaction between elevated CO2 and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). First‐year seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in an atmosphere enriched in CO2 (70 Pa) for one simulated growth season. We measured shoot growth, registered the timing of growth cessation and bud set, measured needle net photosynthetic rate, and determined needle carbohydrate concentration (fructose+pinitol, glucose, sucrose, inositol, raffinose and starch). Freezing tolerance (LT50) was determined after exposing whole seedlings to temperatures ranging from −6.5 to −36.0°C and scoring for visual needle browning. Elevated CO2 did not affect height growth or the timing of growth cessation and bud set. The only statistically significant effects of CO2 treatment were on seedling dry weight, percent dry matter and starch content. During the three weeks after growth cessation and bud set, freezing tolerance increased from −10 to −35°C, and there was a marked increase in all soluble sugars except inositol. However, neither freezing tolerance nor the concentration of soluble sugars was significantly influenced by elevated CO2.

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“…By the fourth season of our experiment, downward adjustment had become complete in Fagus, but disappeared in Picea. Photosynthetic downward adjustment was accompanied by concomitantly higher carbohydrate contents and lower Rubisco activity in elevated CO 2 grown leaves, particularly on acidic soil (Landolt and Pfenninger 1997;W. Landolt, personal communication).…”

Section: Temporal Patterns In Tree Growthmentioning

confidence: 94%

Four-year growth dynamics of beech-spruce model ecosystems under CO2 enrichment on two different forest soils

Spinnler

Egli

Körner

2002

Trees

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To elucidate how atmospheric CO 2 enrichment, enhanced nutrient supply and soil quality interact to affect regrowth of temperate forests, young Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies trees were grown together in large model ecosystems. Identical communities were established on a nutrient-poor acidic and on a more fertile calcareous soil and tree growth, leaf area index, fine root density and soil respiration monitored over four complete growing seasons. Biomass responses to CO 2 enrichment and enhanced N supply at the end of the experiment reflected compound interest effects of growth stimulation during the first two to three seasons rather than persistent stimulation over the whole duration of the experiment. Whereas biomass of Picea was enhanced in elevated CO 2 on both soils, Fagus responded negatively to CO 2 on acidic but positively on calcareous soil. Biomass of both species profited from enhanced N supply on the poor acidic soil only. Leaf area index on both soils was greater in high N supply as a consequence of a stimulation early in the experiment, but was unaffected by CO 2 enrichment. Fine root density on acidic soil was increased in high N supply, but this did not stimulate soil respiration rate. In contrast, elevated CO 2 stimulated both fine root density and soil CO 2 efflux on calcareous soil, especially towards the end of the experiment. Our experiment suggests that future species dominance in beech-spruce forests is likely to change in response to CO 2 enrichment, but this response is subject to complex interactions with environmental factors other than CO 2 , particularly soil type.

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The effect of elevated CO2 and soil type on non-structural carbohydrates in beech leaves and norway spruce needles growing in model ecosystems

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

CO₂ enrichment and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Four-year growth dynamics of beech-spruce model ecosystems under CO2 enrichment on two different forest soils

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The effect of elevated CO2 and soil type on non-structural carbohydrates in beech leaves and norway spruce needles growing in model ecosystems

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

CO 2 enrichment, nitrogen fertilization and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

CO2 enrichment and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce

Four-year growth dynamics of beech-spruce model ecosystems under CO2 enrichment on two different forest soils

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Product

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CO₂ enrichment and development of freezing tolerance in Norway spruce