The effect of elevated fuel inlet temperature on performance of diesel engine running on neat vegetable oil at constant speed conditions

Nwafor, O. M. I.

doi:10.1016/s0960-1481(02)00032-0

Cited by 126 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Higher viscous fuels tend to form larger droplet size, which fosters other competitive reactions, such as charring or coking and polymerization. Contrarily, as pointed out by Nwafor et al [20], viscous fuels have a higher lubricating effectiveness. It is recognized that indirect injection engines are less affected by viscosity differences than direct injection engines [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Higher viscosity fuels cause the jet to become a solid steam instead of a spray composed of small droplets [19] resulting in poor combustion that produces black smoke and provokes the development of deposits in the combustion chamber. Furthermore, the introduction of unburnt fuel, which flows down the cylinder wall into the crankcase, dilutes the vegetable oil in the lubrication engine oil [20]. Higher viscous fuels tend to form larger droplet size, which fosters other competitive reactions, such as charring or coking and polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature dependence of density and viscosity of vegetable oils

Esteban

Ruiz

Baquero

et al. 2012

Biomass and Bioenergy

329

134

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Density Straight vegetable oil Diesel engine Combustion a b s t r a c tThe straight use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engines entails adjusting several physical properties such as density and viscosity. By adequately heating the vegetable oil before entering the injection system, its physical parameters can reach values very close to that of diesel fuel. Consequently, by properly adjusting the temperature of vegetable oils used as fuel, it is possible to improve their combustion performance, thus avoiding premature engine aging due to incomplete burning. In this study the density and viscosity of several vegetable oils are studied within a wide variety of temperatures. The optimal range of temperatures at which each vegetable oil should operate in order to adjust its properties to those of automotive diesel and biodiesel is then found. Additionally an empirical relationship between the dependence of viscosity with density is presented. Thus, by means of the above-described relationship, through measuring the density of a given oil, its viscosity can be directly deduced.ª 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionDiesel engines are being extensively utilized worldwide due to their high economic advantage and durability [1,2]. They have appealing features including robustness, high torque, and lower fuel consumption under certain conditions. According to Moron et al. [3] they are prevalent in sectors such as road and train transport, agriculture, military, construction, mining, maritime propulsion and stationary electricity production. Diesel engines can use several fuel types, including diesel fuel, straight vegetable oils (SVO), biodiesel e transesterified vegetable oil e and short chain alcohols. Diesel engines may also function with hybrid fuels, including SVO mixtures in different proportions with diesel or diesel/ ethanol. At the present time there is an increasing demand for energy, concerns about global warming and a growing interest in renewable energy sources; particularly in biofuels [4,5]. This is due to diminishing reserves and price instability of the world's petroleum fuel. These challenges are in part due to the diesel engines themselves. Consequently, it is an urgent matter to reduce hazardous pollutants that diesel engines emit such as NO x , CO, CO 2 and particulate matter (PM). According to Lee at al.[1] this can be achieved by using new combustion technology, by improving fuel characteristics and or by applying after-treatment technology. It is well known that utilizing biofuels with internal combustion engines may contribute to reduce greenhouse gas emissions [6]. Smallscale produced SVOs are considered attractive options for renewable fuel because of environmental benefits [7]. Smallscale use of vegetable oils is also considered an interesting option because they can be obtained from agricultural or industrial sources with very simple processing. This processing includes cold pressing and refining stages that avoid * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ34 938035300; fax: þ34 938031...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of density and viscosity of vegetable oils

Esteban

Ruiz

Baquero

et al. 2012

Biomass and Bioenergy

329

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Rao and Mohan [15] investigated the effect of supercharging on a DDE performance with CotO and found that changes in injection pressure did not affect performance, but supercharging, even if low, provided better performance with BSFC reduction. Nwafor [16] examined fuel inlet temperature effect on RapO and resulted that fuel heating was beneficial at low speed and part-load operation. Particularly, RapO was selected to be preheated at 70…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emissions of Sunflower, Rapeseed, and Cottonseed Oils as Fuels in an Agricultural Tractor Engine

Balafoutis

Fountas

Natsis

et al. 2011

ISRN Renewable Energy

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A comparative experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the performance and exhaust emissions of an agricultural tractor engine when fueled with sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and cottonseed oil and their blends with diesel fuel (20/80, 40/60 and 70/30 volumetrically). Tests were also carried out with diesel fuel to be used as a reference point. Engine power, torque, BSFC, thermal efficiency, NO x and CO 2 were recorded for each tested fuel. All vegetable oils resulted in normal operation without problems during the short-term experiments. The 20/80 blends showed unstable results, in comparison to higher oil content fuels. Power, Torque and BSFC were higher as oil content was increased in the fuel. Rapeseed oil fuels showed increased power, torque and thermal efficiency with simultaneous lower BSFC in comparison to the other two vegetable oils. Cottonseed oil fuels gave better engine performance than sunflower oil fuels. In all oil types, NO x emissions were augmented when fuel oil percentage was increased. Cottonseed oil fuels led to higher NO x emission increase compared to rapeseed oil fuels. CO 2 emissions showed a tendency to be increased as the oil content was evolved. The highest CO 2 emissions were given by cottonseed oil fuels, followed by rapeseed and sunflower oil.

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“…By comparing Hassain and Davies [66] study with the results from different life cycle analysis it has to be noticed that the outcomes are not as positive as Hassain and Davies ones. It should be noted that some analysis indicate that some seed-based biofuels may actually increase lifecycle GHG emissions (substantially) respect to petroleum-derived fuels [128].…”

Section: Life Cycle Ghg Emission Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art of biofuels from pure plant oil

Russo

Dassisti

Lawlor

et al. 2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

114

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The pollution caused by fuel combustion either for mechanical or electrical energy generation purposes is nowadays one of the most important environmental issues. It has been proven that combustion emissions, particularly those from cars and trucks, are linked with severe damages to the environment and human health. Along with the environmental problems, is necessary to consider that fossil resources are declining and their exploitation is getting more and more expensive. Bioenergy represent a sustainable solution for energy generation. Bioenergy is renewable energy made from plant-derived organic matter, collectively termed "biomass". Biomass-based energy sources are potentially carbon dioxide neutral and recycle the same carbon atoms. Life cycle assessments are reported to evaluate the net environmental impacts of biofuels. The term biofuel refers to liquid or gaseous fuels for the internal combustion engines that are predominantly produced from biomass. Biofuel policy might capitalize on the production of biofuels supporting rural economic development and sustainable agriculture. Amongst biofuels pure plant oil (PPO) has been investigated. This paper sets out to review the state of the art for PPO use as fuel in diesel engines, based on a wide literature review.

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The effect of elevated fuel inlet temperature on performance of diesel engine running on neat vegetable oil at constant speed conditions

Cited by 126 publications

References 1 publication

Temperature dependence of density and viscosity of vegetable oils

Temperature dependence of density and viscosity of vegetable oils

Performance and Emissions of Sunflower, Rapeseed, and Cottonseed Oils as Fuels in an Agricultural Tractor Engine

State of the art of biofuels from pure plant oil

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