The effect of emerging tobacco related products and their toxic constituents on thrombosis

Alarabi, Ahmed B.; Lozano, Patricia; Khasawneh, Fadi T.; Alshbool, Fatima Z.

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120255

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…Both smokers and non-smokers on the outlook may present with decreased coronary blood flow, but the underlying pathology behind this clinical finding is different. Smoking is associated with an increase in hematocrit and clotting factors, 23 leading to the formation of intracoronary thrombi with minimal atherosclerotic thickening. Non-smokers, on the other hand, have significant atherosclerotic thickening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding the reality of the smoking paradox in a South Asian cohort of patients presenting with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Kumar,

Shaikh,

Ahmed

et al. 2023

SAGE Open Medicine

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Objectives: Smoking is a potent risk factor for coronary artery disease, but there is controversy about its protective nature in terms of prognosis in ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. So, the main objective of this study is to unfold this controversy in a South Asian population in terms of clinical angiographic parameters and its in-hospital outcomes. Methods: In this study, we included 1756 consecutive patients diagnosed with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were classified into smokers and non-smokers, and the in-hospital mortality rate was compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the paradoxical role of smoking. Results: Smokers were younger (53.78 ± 11.16 years vs 56.43 ± 11.17 years; p < 0.001) and more frequently men (98.7% vs 69.9%; p < 0.001) and had less diabetes (19.6% vs 44.8%; p < 0.001) and hypertension (38.5% vs 64.9%; p < 0.001). Smokers presented less frequently in Killip III (5.6% vs 8.1%; p < 0.001) and Killip IV (2.5% vs 4.8%; p < 0.001). Smokers mostly had single vessel disease (41.7% vs 34.4%; p = 0.013), whereas non-smokers had the multi-vessel disease and frequently presented with total occlusion of the culprit vessel (64.6% vs 58.8%; p = 0.040). Smokers have significantly lesser mortality (1.8% vs 4.3%; p = 0.009) compared to non-smokers with an odds ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21–0.82, p = 0.011); however, adjusted odds ratio on multivariable analysis was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.31–1.41, p = 0.290). Conclusions: The paradoxical protective role of smoking is the confounding effect of mainly younger age, less coronary artery disease burden, lower prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, and lower Killip III/IV at presentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfolding the reality of the smoking paradox in a South Asian cohort of patients presenting with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Kumar,

Shaikh,

Ahmed

et al. 2023

SAGE Open Medicine

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“…Thrombus formation is further supported by the increased number of thrombocytes in smokers [ 23 ]. In addition, next-generation tobacco products can promote thrombosis [ 3 ]. Ultimately, smoking can alter the stability of preexisting atherosclerotic plaques by activating matrix metalloproteinases and increasing the risk of plaque rupture [ 17 , 72 ] leading to acute coronary syndrome [ 66 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Cigarette Smoke and Next-generation Tobacco And Ni...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of endothelial function by cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products

Klein

Diaba-Nuhoho

Giebe

et al. 2023

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Cigarette smoking is the most important avoidable cardiovascular risk factor. It causes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis and increases the risk of its severe clinical complications like coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Several next-generation tobacco and nicotine products have been developed to decrease some of the deleterious effects of regular tobacco smoking. This review article summarizes recent findings about the impact of cigarette smoking and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products on endothelial dysfunction. Both cigarette smoking and next-generation tobacco products lead to impaired endothelial function. Molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction like oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide availability, inflammation, increased monocyte adhesion, and cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products are highlighted. The potential impact of short- and long-term exposure to next-generation tobacco and nicotine products on the development of endothelial dysfunction and its clinical implications for cardiovascular diseases are discussed.

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“…One of the most common preventable contributors to thrombosis is tobacco cigarette smoking, [328] which is a well-known, major contributor to overall CVD morbidity and mortality, not just due to thrombosis alone. [329] Tobacco cigarette smoking increases CVD risk via inflammation, free radical formation, carbon monoxide-mediated increases in carboxyhemoglobin formation, increase in sympathetic activity (with increased myocardial oxygen demand and potential promotion of dysrhythmias), reduced nitric oxide with endothelial dysfunction, and oxidation of LDL-C. [329] Tobacco and tobacco-related products may also trigger pro-thrombotic processes, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, platelets reactivity, coagulation, and adverse effects upon the vascular endothelium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors – 2022

Bays

Kulkarni

German

et al. 2022

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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The effect of emerging tobacco related products and their toxic constituents on thrombosis

Cited by 15 publications

References 213 publications

Unfolding the reality of the smoking paradox in a South Asian cohort of patients presenting with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Unfolding the reality of the smoking paradox in a South Asian cohort of patients presenting with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Regulation of endothelial function by cigarette smoke and next-generation tobacco and nicotine products

Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors – 2022

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