The industrial revolution brought about a smorgasbord of changes in the business environment. A lot of processes could be made more efficient, and productivity could be increased by a factor of a thousand. Nonetheless, after a century, the world's business sector experienced a period of relative stagnation. Later on, the technological revolution and the widespread use of information systems in business became a more significant disruptive force in the business world. Because of the rapid rate at which information technology evolves and is adapted for various applications, there are numerous opportunities to maximize functionality and productivity. The study covered topics such as computing and information technologies, decision analysis, nonlinear complementarity problems, optimization, revenue management, simulation, stochastic models, and stochastic optimization, among other things.