The Effect of Emotional Labor, Job Stress and Social Support on Nurses’ Job Satisfaction

Abstract

Background: This study was a descriptive survey research on nurse's job satisfaction to identify the effects of emotional labor, job stress, social support. Methods: The participants were 177 shift nurses working at three general hospital. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS 22.0. Results: Job satisfaction of nurses was positively correlated with deep acting of emotional labor and social support, while job satisfaction and job stress were negatively correlated. Social support was positively correlated with deep acting of emotional labor. And job stress had a positive correlation with the surface acting of emotional labor. The most important factor affecting nurse's job satisfaction was deep acting of emotional labor (β=.446), social support (β=.326), job stress (β=−.198), and age (β=.161), which together explained there job satisfaction up to 42.5% (F=22.690, p＜.001). Conclusions: Through this study result, we found the factors influencing nurse's job satisfaction were such as deep acting of emotional labor, social support, job stress, and age, among which the deep acting was the most influential factor. The results of this study reveals that an operation of educational program relating to the deep acting is needed for improving the nurse's job satisfaction. And social support is also required highly, such as the active communication programs for cooperation of nurses and the providing resources necessary for work. In addition, a special program coping the stress intensification should be operated to reduce job stress.

The Experience of Emotional Labor and Its Related Factors among Nurses in General Hospital Settings in Republic of Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In 59 studies [66,67,72,74,75,78,80,82,83,87-89,95,98-102,105-107,109,111,116,118, 121-123,129-131,134,136,137,139,143,145,148,151-153,155,159-161,163-166,168,169,177-179, 181,188,191,193,196], whether the participants performed shift work was not reported. Four studies only included nurses who did not have shift work [79,86,103,192], while four other studies only included nurses with three shifts [81,170,175,186]. In the remaining studies, nurses with and without shift work were included (Supplementary File S3).…”

“…In the generalization of the study domain, 50 studies [66,67,72,74,75,78,82,83,87-89,92,96,99-102,105-107, 109,111,116,121-123,129-131,136,139,143,145,146,151-153,155,159,160,163-166,168,169,188,191, 193,196] were rated as unclear because they lacked information on nurses' working departments and/or shift work. Eighteen studies that targeted only nurses who worked in specific departments, including outpatient departments [103], emergency [80,98,118,127,148,178], hospice wards [161,181], health examination centers [191], intensive care [68], comprehensive nursing care [177], and three-shift [81,170,175,186], or no shift rotations [79,86]; another six studies with restrictions on their clinical experience [76,144], sex [190], or age [91,126,179] were rated as no (Supplementary File S3).…”

“…The relationships between emotional labor and other variables were either unclear or were not statistically significant (Figure 3, Supplementary File S5). Among the studies reporting the relationships between emotional labor and other variables, 12 studies [69,70,81,87,93,94,103,112,119,148,149,170] divided emotional labor into surface acting and deep acting. Surface acting and deep acting showed contradictory associations in some variables.…”

“…On the other hand, self-efficacy, authentic leadership, enjoyment, pride, job satisfaction, and job embeddedness were not observed to have significant associations with surface acting, but they were reported to have significant positive relationships with deep acting (Table 1). Among the studies reporting the relationships between emotional labor and other variables, 12 studies [69,70,81,87,93,94,103,112,119,148,149,170] divided emotional labor into surface acting and deep acting. Surface acting and deep acting showed contradictory associations in some variables.…”

The association between health status and job satisfaction among female workers: A nationwide cross‐sectional study

“…This demanding job requires high levels of dedication and commitment, and shift work and a high workload, common among nurses, can lead to stress and create physical and psychological health issues (Banakhar, 2017;Salma & Hasan, 2020;Shin et al, 2020). Such high levels of stress and depression are associated with lower job satisfaction among nurses (Ghawadra et al, 2019;Bagheri Hosseinabadi et al, 2018;Khamisa et al, 2017;S. Y. Lee & Kim, 2019;Yasin et al, 2019).…”