ObjectivesThis review article discusses the host response in apical periodontitis with
the main focus on cytokines, produced under this pathological condition and
contributing to the degradation of periradicular tissues. The pace of
research in this field has greatly accelerated in the last decade. Here we
provide an analysis of studies published in this area during this
period.Material and methodsLiterature was selected through a search of PubMed electronic database. The
keywords used for search were pathogenesis of apical periodontitis
cytokines, periapical granuloma cytokines, inflammatory infiltrate apical
periodontitis. The search was restricted to English language articles,
published from 1999 to December 2010. Additionally, a manual search in the
cytokine production, cytokine functions and periapical tissue destruction in
the journals and books was performed.ResultsIn total, 97 literature sources were obtained and reviewed. The topics
covered in this article include cellular composition of an inflammatory
infiltrate in the periapical lesions, mechanisms of the formation of the
innate and specific immune response. Studies which investigated cytokine
secretion and functions were identified and cellular and molecular
interactions in the course of apical periodontitis described.ConclusionsThe abundance and interactions of various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory
molecules can influence and alter the state and progression of the disease.
Therefore, periapical inflammatory response offers a model, suited for the
study of many facets of pathogenesis, biocompatibility of different
materials to periapical tissues and development of novel treatment methods,
based on the regulation of cytokines expression