The Effect of Endophytic Fungi on Nematode Populations in Summer-dormant and Summer-active Tall Fescue

Abstract

Summer-active (continental) and summer-dormant (Mediterranean) tall fescue morphotypes are each adapted to different environmental conditions. Endophyte presence provides plant parasitic nematode resistance, but not with all endophyte strains and cultivar combinations. This study sought to compare effects of four nematode genera on continental and Mediterranean cultivars infected with common toxic or novel endophyte strains. A 6-mon greenhouse study was conducted with continental cultivars, Kentucky 31 (common toxic) and Texoma MaxQ II (novel endophyte) and the Mediterranean cultivar Flecha MaxQ (novel endophyte). Endophyte-free plants of each cultivar were controls. Each cultivar 3 endophyte combination was randomly assigned to a control, low or high inoculation rate of a mixed nematode culture containing stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp.), ring nematodes (Criconemella spp.), spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus spp.), and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.). Endophyte infection had no effect on nematode population densities. The cultivar 3 endophyte interaction was significant. Population densities of stunt nematode, spiral nematode, and ring nematodes were higher for Flecha MaxQ than other cultivar 3 endophyte combinations. Novel endophyte infection enhances suitability of Flecha MaxQ as a nematode host.

Identification, Characterization, and Evaluation of Nematophagous Fungal Species of Arthrobotrys and Tolypocladium for the Management of Meloidogyne incognita

“…On the other hand, T. cylindrosporum Tc_RK also secreted non-volatile compounds with activity against nematodes, for instance, tolypocladenols, tolypyridone (A&B), and pyridoxatin, which were reported as metabolites from endolichenic isolate of T. cylindrosporum, Acremonium spp., and Trichoderma hamatum (Li et al, 2015;Romano et al, 2018). In addition to that, the tested isolate in the present study also secreted compounds such as terpendole E, 4-chloro-2-phenylphenol, destruxin A, and acetamido-6-anthraquinone, which were reported to have nematicidal activity (Ohri and Pannu, 2010;Ahn et al, 2013;Rogers et al, 2016;Shakeel et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2020) and not known to be present in T. cylindrosporum. It is also important to mention here that T. cylindrosporum Tc_RK isolated from dead C. elegans could be promising for nematode management due to its secretion of various novel metabolites with nematicidal properties.…”

Serum metabolomics using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in lactating dairy cows following a single dose of sporidesmin

“…In addition, although there are other mycotoxins which are commonly present in pastures around the same time as sporidesmin, such as ryegrass and fescue endophytes (Nicol and Klotz 2016 ; Rogers et al 2016 ), the compounds produced by these endophytes do not cause liver damage (Rogers et al 2016 ; Nicol and Klotz 2016 ; Di Menna et al 2012 ). Aflatoxin, which is also present when humid conditions develop, does cause liver damage, however is a storage mycotoxin and therefore present in post-harvest stored grains nuts (Keyl and Booth 1971 ), which the cattle in this trial had no access to.…”

Grass–Endophyte Interactions and Their Associated Alkaloids as a Potential Management Strategy for Plant Parasitic Nematodes

“…Ky31− was rated as a poor host for stunt and ring nematodes, but a good host for spiral nematodes. The endophyte status was also shown to have no effect on lesion nematodes; however, the results for lesion nematodes were considered inconclusive as the study did not examine the densities within the roots as being migratory endoparasites, they could be in both the roots and the soil [ 78 ].…”