The effect of endothelin‐1 on the production of interleukin‐6 in cultured human detrusor smooth muscle cells, and the effect of interleukin‐6 on the contractile response of bladder smooth muscle strips from rats

Abstract

(ACh), bethanechol (BCh), or sodium nitroprusside, we assessed the concentration-contraction or the relaxation responses. In cystitis-induced strips, change of contractions induced by noradrenaline (NA) with or without treatment of IL-6 were assessed. The IL-6-treated strips were incubated for 30 min in the presence or absence indomethacin or SQ29548, and then the effects on ACh-or BCh-induced contractions were measured. RESULTSThe expression of IL-6 mRNA and the production of IL-6 protein on the cultured HDSMCs pretreated by ET-1 were significantly higher than in the control ( P < 0.05). The ACh-and BCh-induced contractions were increased in the IL-6 pretreated strips from both dome and trigone, regardless of the presence of urothelium ( P < 0.05). The presence of cystitis augmented the NA-induced contractions ( P < 0.05). The contractions induced by ACh and BCh were inhibited by indomethacin and SQ29548. CONCLUSIONSET-1 induces expression of IL-6 mRNA and production of IL-6 protein on HDSMCs. IL-6 enhances detrusor smooth muscle contractility via the muscarinic or adrenergic receptor pathway. KEYWORDSendothelin-1, interleukin-6, detrusor smooth muscle, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase, thromboxane OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cultured human detrusor smooth muscle cells (HDSMCs) and the effect of IL-6 on the contractile response of bladder smooth muscle strips from rats. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe expression of IL-6 mRNA and production of IL-6 protein in cultured HDSMCs treated with the different concentrations of ET-1 were assayed by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The strips from Sprague-Dawley rats were either untreated or treated with 1 ng/mL of IL-6 for 60 min. Using increasing cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine

Hydrostatic pressure and muscarinic receptors are involved in the release of inflammatory cytokines in human bladder smooth muscle cells

“…Among the cytokines, IL‐6 has been demonstrated to play a key role in acute and chronic inflammations . It could modulate the cellular gap junction communication of HBSMCs and enhance detrusor smooth muscle contractility . The pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP‐1 and IL‐6, might contribute to inflammatory infiltration in BOO by promoting migration of inflammatory cells …”

Anger Is Associated with Increased IL-6 Stress Reactivity in Women, But Only Among Those Low in Social Support

“…For example, angry rumination is associated with prolonged endothelin-1 increases, which in turn may mediate endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic plaque formations [65]. IL-6 and endothelin-1 are significantly related [66], and in fact, endothelin-1-treated cells in culture have increased IL-6 mRNA and protein [67]. It is likely then that a possible pathway through which anger induces increased circulating IL-6 levels (as seen here) is through increased endothelin-1 and that angry rumination may very well lead to even greater increases in IL-6 mRNA and protein.…”

Interleukin‐6 levels in female rats with protamine sulfate‐induced chronic cystitis treated with hyaluronic acid

“…IL‐6 is important to the transition between acute and chronic inflammation, and exhibits a pro‐inflammatory profile in chronic inflammation . Furthermore, IL‐6 can enhance detrusor smooth muscle contractility, which might result in voiding frequency . Lamale et al .…”