The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Event of Acute Diarrhea

Abstract

Diarrhea is an environment-based disease endemic in Indonesia with a high prevalence rate resulted from contaminated dug wells. From this study, we want to know the influence of environmental factors, namely microbiology of water, clean water facilities (CWF), toilet facilities and sewerage facilities (SF) and the availability of trash bins against the incidence of acute diarrhea. We used cross sectional observational analytic study with a total of 228 users of dug wells and 38 dug wells that met the inclusion criteria in the Community Health Center. We used questionnaires and checklists to collect data of variables CWF, latrine, SF and availability of trash bins also laboratory results from the Kediri Regional Health Laboratory for water microbiology. We analyzed the data by Chi square test and Linear Regression and the bivariate test results showed that water microbiological factors p = 0,000, CWF p = 0,000, toilet facilities p = 0,001 and SF p = 0,005 which significantly affected the incidence of diarrhea. The multivariate test results showed that water microbiological factors had the most significant effect on the incidence of diarrhea (p = 0,000; OR: 4,67; 95% CI: 2,51 -8,7). The need for counseling interventions as well as improving the quality of well water and CWF by improving well construction, checking well water regularly and cooking well water before consumption. There exist a need to form a closed, permanent and non-stagnant SF and the construction of clean toilets, non-soil floors and a distance of septic tanks > 10m from CWF.