The Effect of Erector Spinae Plane Block on Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Anesthesia: Analysis of Opioid Consumption, Sevoflurane Consumption, and Cost

Bilateral Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…We retrieved potentially relevant articles (Figure 1). Of these, five studies 9,11,[16][17][18] published between 2018 and 2020 met the eligibility criteria. Ten studies were excluded with the following reasons: two studies were case series, 19,20 two studies compared ESP block with another regional analgesic technique, 21,22 two studies were reviews of the literature, 23,24 two studies were meta-analyses, 6,7 one study was a case report, 25 and one study was excluded due to a suspicion of redundancy.…”

“…Studies included were fully matched for year of publication, the number of patients included, age and sex ratio, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification, type and dose of LA used, type of analgesic technique in the control group (morphine, multimodal analgesia, TAP block, or quadratus lumborum block), general anesthesia, and outcomes. Four studies were published in English 9, [16][17][18] and one study in Portuguese. 11 Single-dose ultrasoundguided bilateral ESP block was performed in all the included studies.…”

The Effects of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Terms of Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…The reason for the exclusion was as shown below: case report (n = 1), conference abstract (n = 1). Therefore, a total of 8 RCTs with 442 patients were included in the final analysis ( Figure 1 ) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] 199 patients were allocated to the ESPB group, 168 patients were allocated to the control group, and 75 patients were allocated to the oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane (OSTAP) block group. Some studies have multiple groups [ 19 , 23 ].…”

“…Postoperative cumulative opioid consumption was reported in 7 RCTs, including 333 patients [ 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. For postoperative analgesia, morphine was administered in 2 RCTs [ 16 , 19 ], tramadol was used in 4 RCTs [ 17 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], and fentanyl was used in 1 RCT [ 20 ]. The amounts of tramadol and fentanyl were converted to morphine-equivalent doses for data synthesis and analysis.…”

“…This could be explained by several factors, including different types of local anesthetics (bupivacaine, ropivacaine, or lidocaine), various concentrations of local anesthetics (0.25–0.5%), and different targets of the spinous process (T7, T8, or T9). An amount of 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was used in most studies [ 16 , 18 , 19 , 21 ], followed by 20 mL of 0.375% bupivacaine in two studies [ 17 , 22 ]. In addition, pain control protocols after surgery were slightly varied among the studies ( Table S3 ).…”