The effect of estrogens and progestins on blood pressure regulation of normotensive women

Eiff, A. W. v.; Plotz, E. J.; Beck, Karl; Czernik, Adelheid

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(71)90802-7

Cited by 60 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…One study using 17-b oestradiol in combination with norethisterone reported a decrease in diastolic blood pressure without alteration of systolic blood pressure [36]. Similar findings with diastolic blood pressure were observed by von Eiff et al [37]. Indeed, after 28 days of treatment with 17-b oestradiol alone, a small reduction was found in systolic and diastolic blood pressure [38].…”

Section: Hormone Replacement Therapy and Hypertensionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Hypertension

Felmeden

Lip²

2000

Blood Pressure

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For many years, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) was considered to be contraindicated in postmenopausal women with hypertension and many such women were excluded from HRT because of concerns that HRT may have an adverse effect on blood pressure. This perception was mainly due to the effects of oral contraceptive drugs, especially the oestrogen component, in increasing blood pressure. Differences exist between the formulation and doses of oestrogen preparations used, either as oral contraceptives in premenopausal women (in whom high-dose synthetic oestrogens are used) or as HRT in postmenopausal women (in whom low "replacement" doses of natural oestrogens are used). This is not inconsequential, as postmenopausal women represent the largest category of women at risk for hypertension. The aim of this review is to give a balanced view on the effects of HRT on blood pressure in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Hormone Replacement Therapy and Hypertensionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Hypertension

Felmeden

Lip²

2000

Blood Pressure

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“…That is, they did not exhibit the reduction in diastolic blood pressure response evidenced for FH-subjects in the luteal versus the follicular phase. Although this reduced reactivity was only observed to the speech task, it may be the normal luteal phase response to stress given evidence of an inverse relationship between progesterone and diastolic blood pressure response to mental arithmetic (46). The trend for stroke volume responses to speech to also be lower during the luteal phase in FH-subjects suggests that the pressure response may have been related to decreased blood volume.…”

Section: Parental Hypertension and Menstrual Cyclementioning

confidence: 89%

Parental history of hypertension, menstrual cycle phase, and cardiovascular response to stress.

Miller

Sita

1994

Psychosomatic Medicine

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The present study examined whether inconsistent findings for elevated cardiovascular response to stress in female offspring of hypertensives might be a function of 1) lack of control for menstrual cycle phase, and 2) stressor type employed. Thirty healthy women (18-35 years), half of whom were offspring of hypertensives, were tested in both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. Order of testing was counterbalanced between subjects and cycle phase was confirmed by measurement of serum sex hormone levels. In each session, subjects were exposed to four tasks: the cold pressor test, interpersonal speech, shock-avoidance video-game, and reading. The most consistent menstrual cycle effect was for offspring of normotensives who exhibited higher diastolic blood pressure and state-anger responses to the speech task in the follicular compared with the luteal phase. Though menstrual cycle had no consistent effect on offspring of hypertensives, their luteal phase diastolic blood pressure and state-anger responses to the speech task were elevated compared with controls. Potential limitations of the observed familial differences in luteal phase response are discussed.

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“…Most studies on the effects of HRT on blood pressure have been conducted in normotensive women. In such patients, two studies have observed a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure during treatment with combined oestrogen/progesterone HRT while systolic blood pressure remained unchanged 6 , 9 . We are aware of only three studies investigating the effects of HRT in hypertensive women 10–12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In postmenopausal oestrogen‐deficient women, however, the effects on blood pressure of low‐dose oestrogen replacement therapy are less clear. In normotensive women, HRT does not appear to raise blood pressure and may even lower it 6–10 . There is little information to date on the effects of HRT in hypertensive women, and there continues to be confusion among medical practitioners.…”

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confidence: 99%

Do Clinicians Prescribe HRT for Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women?

Lip

Beevers

Churchill

et al. 1995

Int J Clinical Practice

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SUMMARY Despite the benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in relieving menopausal symptoms, there continues to be anxiety about its use in women who also have hypertension. To examine clinical practice in relation to HRT, especially in patients with hypertension, and to canvass opinions on potential or perceived side‐effects, the authors conducted a postal survey of HRT prescribing habits among 285 GPs, physicians and obstetricians in the West Midlands. The overall response rate to the questionnaire was 191 (66.3%): 61 clinicians reported that they would not prescribe HRT in women whose hypertension was difficult to control, but only 3 would withhold treatment if blood pressure was well controlled; 9% of physicians and 13% of gynaecologists did not routinely measure blood pressure before starting HRT or monitor BP at follow‐up (24% and 10% respectively). A proportion of GPs (20%), physicians (21%) and gynaecologists (9%) reported that in their opinion HRT raised blood pressure, and a minority in each group considered that HRT increased the risk of venous thrombosis, stroke and myocardial infarction. This study demonstrates differences among GPs, physicians and gynaecologists in the use of HRT in menopausal women with hypertension, the authors suggest that, in view of data from studies of the effects of HRT on blood pressure and the possible reduction of cardiovascular disease, these clinicians can be reassured and hypertensive women need not be denied the benefits of HRT, as long as there is careful monitoring.

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The effect of estrogens and progestins on blood pressure regulation of normotensive women

Cited by 60 publications

References 6 publications

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Hypertension

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Hypertension

Parental history of hypertension, menstrual cycle phase, and cardiovascular response to stress.

Do Clinicians Prescribe HRT for Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women?

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