The effect of etanercept on Graves' ophthalmopathy: a pilot study

Paridaens, Dion; Bosch, W A van den; Loos, T L van der; Krenning, E. P.; Hagen, P M van

doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701768

Cited by 172 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Efficacy and safety of administration of these drugs in pediatric patients is still unclear. In adults, effects of therapy seem promising [56][57][58], but further trials are needed.…”

Section: Management Of Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in children and adolescents

Szczapa-Jagustyn¹,

Gotz‐Więckowska²,

Kocięcki³

2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Efficacy and safety of administration of these drugs in pediatric patients is still unclear. In adults, effects of therapy seem promising [56][57][58], but further trials are needed.…”

Section: Management Of Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in children and adolescents

Szczapa-Jagustyn¹,

Gotz‐Więckowska²,

Kocięcki³

2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Etanercept, a recombinant fusion protein of extracellular ligand-binding portion of the human TNF receptor, binds TNF and blocks the interaction with its receptors, thus preventing inflammatory responses. A small trial with etanercept was conducted on ten patients with active moderate-to-severe GO in 2005 by Paridaens et al (101) resulting in improvement of soft tissue inflammatory signs in six patients, but no advantage over therapy with GC, in terms of overall efficacy and side effects.…”

Section: Targeting Cytokines/chemokines With Monoclonal Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Endocrine dilemma: management of Graves’ orbitopathy

Campi

Vannucchi

Salvi

2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Management of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) must be based on the correct assessment of activity and severity of the disease. Activity is usually assessed with the Clinical Activity Score, whereas severity is classified according to a European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) consensus statement as mild, moderate-to-severe, and sight-threatening. Myopathic and chronic congestive forms are uncommon clinical presentations of GO. Restoration and maintenance of stable euthyroidism are recommended in the presence of GO. In moderate-to-severe disease, steroids have been widely employed and have shown to possess an anti-inflammatory activity, but about 20 -30% of patients are not responsive and present recurrence. Some novel immunosuppressors have already been employed in clinical studies and have shown interesting results, although the lack of randomized and controlled trials suggests caution for their use in clinical practice. Potential targets for therapy in GO are the thyroid-stimulating hormone and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor on the fibroblasts, inflammatory cytokines, B and T cells, and the PIK3/mTORC1 signaling cascades for adipogenesis. A recent open study has shown that tocilizumab, an anti-sIL-6R antibody, inactivates GO. Consistent reports on the efficacy of rituximab have recently been challenged by randomized controlled trials. As the main goal of treatment is the well-being of the patient, the therapeutic strategy should be addressed to better suit the patient needs, more than improving one or more biological parameters. The increasing availability of new therapies will expand the therapeutic options for GO patients and allow the clinician to really personalize the treatment to better suit the patients' personal needs.

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“…However, others did not find a significant increase in IL-1b levels in CIC samples with moderate dry eye (Narayanan et al, 2006). Anti-cytokine therapy has been proposed for the treatment of TO (Paridaens et al, 2005;Cawood et al, 2006;Garrity and Bahn, 2006). However, there has been no discussion of the cytokines involved in dry eye associated with TO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological impression cytology of the conjunctival epithelium in patients with thyroid orbitopathy-related dry eye

Hsu¹,

Lee²,

Chang³

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is an autoimmune disease that is complicated by ocular surface disorders, leading to discomfort. Dry eye is very prevalent in patients with TO. Recent studies on the pathogenesis of dry eye have focused on the inflammatory process, and some supporting evidence has been discovered. Because TO is a disorder of autoimmune origin, we assumed that the association between TO and dry eye is related to inflammation. Inflammation of the ocular surface in TO-related dry eye has not been well studied. In this study, we assessed cellular inflammation of the ocular surface and the cytokine profiles in patients with TO-related dry eye. Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) was assessed with an immunofluorescent assay. TO-related dry eye was diagnosed by using the Schirmer test, tear break-up time, thyroid function, and clinical signs. CIC was combined with immunological staining of interleukin-1a (IL-1a), IL-1b, and IL-6. The immunological impression cytology (IC) grade was compared to the clinical activity score of TO. All TO patients with dry eye were positive for IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL-6. However, the normal controls were also positive for IL-1a. A trend was observed between the clinical inflammatory score and immunological IC grade. This study was the first to delineate the immunological IC of TO-related dry eye. Our study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of dry eye in TO. Our findings suggest that the conjunctival cytokines IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL-6 may play a role. The results of this study will be useful for future studies of additional inflammatory cytokines, and the levels of these cytokines could be used as an outcome to assess the efficacy of treatment, such as anti-cytokine or immunosuppression therapy, in patients with TOrelated dry eye or other ocular surface inflammatory disorders.

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The effect of etanercept on Graves' ophthalmopathy: a pilot study

Cited by 172 publications

References 12 publications

An update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in children and adolescents

An update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in children and adolescents

THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Endocrine dilemma: management of Graves’ orbitopathy

Immunological impression cytology of the conjunctival epithelium in patients with thyroid orbitopathy-related dry eye

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