“…Characterization techniques such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [25], Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) [23], Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) [22,32,33], atomic force microscopy (AFM) [22,24,26,34,35] and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [22,26] have been used in these investigations.…”