The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Marsilea crenata Presley Leaves on Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish Locomotor Activity

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are mostly experienced by postmenopausal women and are often caused by estrogen deficiency, so it is necessary to replace the hormone estrogen in the form of phytoestrogens. One of the plants that contain phytoestrogens is Marsilea crenata. The objective of this study is to see if giving rotenone-induced zebrafish a 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves increases locomotor activity. This research was conducted by inducing 5 µg/L rotenone as a compound that will interfere with the locomotor activity of zebrafish. Next, treatment was given with 96% ethanol extract of clover in each group with a dose of 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 mg/mL to determine the effect of the extract on increasing locomotor activity of rotenone-induced zebrafish. Observations were made by looking at the quantity of zebrafish swimming every five minutes until day 28. The treatment of 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves could significantly increase zebrafish motility at the optimum dose of 2.5 mg/mL, because every week the zebrafish locomotor activity increased compared to the negative control. M. crenata leaves extract is proven to prevent neurodegenerative diseases. However, further research needs to be done on the degenerative effects of rotenone every week.

Effect of polar fractions of Marsilea crenata C. Presl. leaves in zebrafish locomotor activity

“…BF and WF were first suspended using 0.5% tween 80 and 0.5% DMSO. Then, the sample solution of each fraction was divided into several dose groups, namely 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ppm,[ 9 ] which were administered together with the rotenone at 5 µg/L as an ND-inducing compound in fish for 28 days. The reason for selecting the above dosage variation groups is based on previous research.…”

“…[ 3 4 5 7 ] One of the studies conducted involved a locomotor activity test using 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata . [ 8 9 10 ]…”

Keluwih (Artocarpus camansi) extract effects in zebrafish models of Parkinson’s disease

“…Furthermore found a similar result, which is more of 5 µg/L rotenone inducing a lack of locomotor activity in zebrafish. 18 It seems that rotenone, a naturally occurring toxin and a widely used pesticide that inhibits the reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase in mitochondria, imitates the neuropathological, neurochemical, and behavioral characteristics of Parkinson's disease in vertebrates. 19 Even though this rotenone effect depends on several factors, such as temperature, pH, sunlight, depth of the aquarium, and the presence of organic debris, 20 the reduction in zebrafish movement could be attributed to a decline in the velocity of motor nerve conduction.…”

Antineuroinflammatory Properties of Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Marsilea crenata C. Presl. Against Toll-Like Receptor 2 (3A7B) In Silico

“…was shown to inhibit neuroinflammation progression via the estrogen-receptor (ER) dependent pathway, specifically by decreasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) and increasing the expression of arginase 1 (Arg1), both of which were caused by phytoestrogen compounds in M. crenata Presl. leaves binding with ER (Ma'arif et al, 2020a;2020b;2021b, 2022c2022d), This plant also has the effect of increasing locomotor activity in the rotenone-induced parkinsonian zebrafish (Ma'arif et al, 2022e;2022f). The goal of this work is to build on prior research that was used in silico to anticipate the antineuroinflammatory action of M. crenata Presl.…”