The Effect of Ethanol Fuel-Diluted Lubricants on the Friction of Oil Control Ring Conjunction: A Combined Analytical and Experimental Investigation

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation of the frictional behaviour of three-piece piston oil control rings. A bespoke tribometer replicates the kinematics of the contact between a full oil control ring and the cylinder liner. The three-piece oil control ring is composed of two segments, separated by a waveform-type expander. The experimental results indicate the dominance of a mixed regime of lubrication throughout the stroke. This is particularly the case when the experiments are conducted at 80 °C, a typical engine sump temperature, when compared with those at 20 °C (a typical engine start-up temperature in the UK in the summer). A mixed hydrodynamic analytical model of the oil control ring–cylinder liner tribological interface is employed to apportion frictional contributions with their physical underlying mechanisms. Therefore, combined numerical and experimental investigations are extended to lubricant contamination/dilution by ethanol-based fuels. This study shows that the transition from E10 to E85 would have an insignificant effect on the friction generated in the oil control ring conjunction. This holistic approach, using a detailed predictive l mixed regime of lubrication model and a representative bespoke tribometry, has not hitherto been reported in the open literature.