“…In this way, the study provides a framework that integrates inter-firm knowledge sharing, intra-firm knowledge sharing, individual learning, and organizational learning. The finding is imperative, as it extends and brings together the literature, which focuses on either inter-firm knowledge sharing (see Chung et al, 2015;Mason et al, 2012;Ranucci & Souder, 2015) or intra-firm knowledge sharing (see Dyer & Nobeoka, 2000;Park & Choi, 2014;Tang & Naumann, 2016;Usman & Hameed, 2017). Moreover, our framework ( Figure 1) attempts to synchronize the debate (Antonacopoulou, 2006;Brusoni & Rosenkranz, 2014;Swan et al, 2010;Swart & Harcup, 2012) on who learns from inter-firm relations.…”