The Effect of Eurasian Snow Cover on Regional and Global Climate Variations

Barnett, T. P.; Dümenil, Lydia; Schlese, Ulrich; Roeckner, Erich; Latif, Mojib

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<0661:teoesc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 650 publications

(437 citation statements)

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“…There are westerly anomalies over the Indian Ocean and easterly anomalies over the Pacific. The easterly anomalies over the Pacific are consistent with previous modeling studies (Barnett et al 1989;Meehl 1994;Fu and Wang 2003), but the amplitude is smaller than that in the Africa experiment. This is mostly because the heating is smaller and farther away from the equator.…”

Section: Simulations and Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Several studies have identified the correspondence between regional LSP perturbations and associated changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions over the tropical oceans (e.g., Barnett et al 1989;Meehl 1994;Zeng and Neelin 1999;Hu et al 2004;Notaro et al 2007;Richter et al 2012;Swann et al 2011). For example, both Barnett et al (1989) and Meehl (1994) suggested, based on atmospheric GCM (AGCM) simulations, that a weaker South Asia monsoon associated with wetter and colder land surface conditions over the Asian continent could result in weaker surface wind stress and changes in surface heat fluxes over the tropical Pacific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, both Barnett et al (1989) and Meehl (1994) suggested, based on atmospheric GCM (AGCM) simulations, that a weaker South Asia monsoon associated with wetter and colder land surface conditions over the Asian continent could result in weaker surface wind stress and changes in surface heat fluxes over the tropical Pacific. Perturbations in regional land conditions over Asia therefore have the potential to affect the Pacific climate through their influence on monsoon convection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On the Connection between Continental-Scale Land Surface Processes and the Tropical Climate in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System

Mechoso

Xue

et al. 2013

Journal of Climate

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An evaluation is presented of the impact on tropical climate of continental-scale perturbations given by different representations of land surface processes (LSPs) in a general circulation model that includes atmosphere–ocean interactions. One representation is a simple land scheme, which specifies climatological albedos and soil moisture availability. The other representation is the more comprehensive Simplified Simple Biosphere Model, which allows for interactive soil moisture and vegetation biophysical processes. The results demonstrate that such perturbations have strong impacts on the seasonal mean states and seasonal cycles of global precipitation, clouds, and surface air temperature. The impact is especially significant over the tropical Pacific Ocean. To explore the mechanisms for such impact, model experiments are performed with different LSP representations confined to selected continental-scale regions where strong interactions of climate–vegetation biophysical processes are present. The largest impact found over the tropical Pacific is mainly from perturbations in the tropical African continent where convective heating anomalies associated with perturbed surface heat fluxes trigger global teleconnections through equatorial wave dynamics. In the equatorial Pacific, the remote impacts of the convection anomalies are further enhanced by strong air–sea coupling between surface wind stress and upwelling, as well as by the effects of ocean memory. LSP perturbations over South America and Asia–Australia have much weaker global impacts. The results further suggest that correct representations of LSP, land use change, and associated changes in the deep convection over tropical Africa are crucial to reducing the uncertainty of future climate projections with global climate models under various climate change scenarios.

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Section: Simulations and Experimentssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the Connection between Continental-Scale Land Surface Processes and the Tropical Climate in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System

Mechoso

Xue

et al. 2013

Journal of Climate

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“…A lower land surface temperature delays monsoon onset and reduces summer monsoon rainfall (Fein and Stephens, 1987). In general, the second effect of soil moisture was considered to be more important than the albedo effect (Barnett et al, 1988(Barnett et al, , 1989Douville and Royer, 1996;Dong and Valdes, 1998 Figure 2. Mean Julian dates of starting continuous snow cover during Precipitation data are from the Global Gridded Monthly Precipitation at 0.5°by 0.5°resolution by Willmott and Matsuura (2001) available from the University of Delaware (http://climate.geog.udel.edu/∼climate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connections of Siberian snow onset dates to the following summer's monsoon conditions over Southeast Asia

Zhaorigetu

Feng

2005

Int. J. Climatol.

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This is an exploratory study of possible links between the conditions of early season Eurasian snowfall and the following year's Southeast Asian summer monsoon. Forty years of historical records are used to examine the statistical connections between early season snow cover onset dates over northern Eurasia and the following year's summer monsoon over Southeast Asia. We found that the time of snow onset is significantly associated with warm season rainfall over Southeast Asia. The most persistent connection is between northeastern Siberian snow onsets and summer monsoon strength over India and northeastern China. This connection seems to be more clearly shown during the mature stage and monsoon withdrawal and is reflected in all three aspects of monsoon characteristics. In other words, the earlier snow cover onset (more snow cover during the early season) over northeastern Siberia, the more precipitation and moisture convergence, the higher prevalence of a southwesterly monsoon wind, and the later monsoon withdrawal over Southeast Asia. The revealed connection is likely through atmospheric circulation associated with early season land surface snow cover processes independent of ElÑino conditions. The authors suggest that more studies are needed to fully understand the circuitous connections between Eurasian snowfall and the Southeastern Asian monsoon.

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“…By using General Circulation Models (GCMs), sensitivity experiments were conducted by several authors such as Barnett et al (1989), Vernekar et al (1995), etc. Their results clearly indicate that positive snow anomalies over Eurasia in winter/spring affect the monsoon circulation in the following summer in terms of weaker monsoon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the effect of Eurasian snow on the summer monsoon circulation and rainfall using a spectral GCM

2006

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Many studies based on observed data indicate the inverse relationship between the Eurasian snow cover/depth and the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). The purpose of this study is to confirm the inverse snow-ISMR relationship by using the observed snow depth data as boundary conditions in the spectral general circulation model (GCM) of Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IITD), and to examine the influence of Eurasian snow depth on the monsoon circulation. The original model belonging to the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) at resolution T21 has been modified extensively to a higher resolution of T80L18 at IITD. A two-dimensional Lanczos digital filter has been used to represent the orography realistically.The Historical Soviet Daily Snow Depth (HSDSD) version II data set has been used for conducting sensitivity experiments using the above model. Two sensitivity experiments have been designed, corresponding to two contrasting cases: one with high Eurasian snow depth in spring followed by deficient ISMR and the second with low snow depth followed by excess ISMR. The difference fields of mean monsoon circulation simulated in the above two experiments are examined in detail in order to confirm the influence of Eurasian snow depth on ISMR and to examine the Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfall.

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The Effect of Eurasian Snow Cover on Regional and Global Climate Variations

Cited by 650 publications

References 0 publications

On the Connection between Continental-Scale Land Surface Processes and the Tropical Climate in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System

On the Connection between Continental-Scale Land Surface Processes and the Tropical Climate in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System

Connections of Siberian snow onset dates to the following summer's monsoon conditions over Southeast Asia

A study on the effect of Eurasian snow on the summer monsoon circulation and rainfall using a spectral GCM

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