The Effect of Events on Pedestrian Behavior and its Comparison with Normal Walking Behavior in CBD Area in Indian Context

Sukhadia, Hardik; Dave, Sanjay; Shah, Jiten; Rathva, Dipak

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2016.11.120

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In India, [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] conducted studies on bi-directional movement of pedestrians on sidewalk facilities and measured the basic flow parameters (speed, flow, density, space, free flow speed and jam density). Different relationships between speed-density were plotted, and various types of regimes were also defined.…”

Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018

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Present paper reviewed the past studies on pedestrian flow characteristics (such as speed, flow, density, space, free-flow speed and jam density) and development of Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) for various pedestrian facilities (i.e., sidewalk, walkway, crosswalk, grade separated, stairways and escalators. Fundamental relationships (between speed and density) were observed over different facilities and were found to be significantly different. The fundamental relationships for sidewalk facility predicted the range of free flow speeds to be 65 − 85 m/min and jam densities to be 3.5 − 5.3 ped/m 2 . The minimum and maximum pedestrian speeds over sidewalk facility in different countries observed were 52 m/min and 98 m/min respectively, with a mean speed of 79 m/min. The male pedestrians walked at 4 − 9 m/min higher speed in comparison to their female counterparts; while the older pedestrians walked at 15 − 20 m/min lower speed than the younger ones over the various types of crosswalk facilities. Similarly, speed-density relationships for ascending and descending stairways showed that the difference between the two directions varied between 4 − 12 m/min, and that the speed was significantly higher in case of descending direction. Moreover, the jam densities for stairways were also observed to be lower in case of descending direction, as the pedestrians generally maintain higher gap (than in ascending direction) with other pedestrians in front to avoid pushing and the risk of falling down. The flow characteristics were significantly influenced by the type of facility, width, age, gender and location of the study. Primarily factors such as physique (height), culture (dress), attractions (presence of hawkers located along sidewalks), friction (due to parked vehicles), purpose of walking trip and environmental conditions were the main reasons for pedestrians of countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Sri-Lanka to walk significantly slower than the counterparts pedestrians in the USA, UK or Canada. The review conducted on the PLOS mainly looked into the type of survey conducted (qualitative vs. quantitative), LOS parameters and the various software/models used in development of LOS. Researchers from the USA and Japan preferably used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in defining LOS over sidewalks; while in India, China and Malaysia qualitative method was highly preferred. Pedestrian volume, safety, surface, obstruction and width were observed as essential parameters for qualitative survey while density, flow rate, pedestrian speed and width were used in quantitative survey for sidewalks. In developing the PLOS over sidewalk facility; Conjoint analysis, Landis method, HCM method, affinity propagation cluster algorithm and Gainesville method were preferred by various researchers. Studies conducted over crosswalk facility measured space, flow rate, vehicle volume and delay as the most significant factors in developing LOS based on quantitative technique; while vehicle speed, ...

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Section: Sidewalk Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018

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“…In fact, when the sidewalk is having distressed portions (like, cracking, patching, pothole etc.) (Corazza, Di Mascio and Moretti, 2018) or partially occupied by street-hawkers (Sukhadia et al, 2016) the majority of pedestrians do not prefer to access the sidewalk. Instead, they walk on the carriageway and share space with other motorized vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lambert W Based Speed Reduction Model in Presence of Pedestrian Movements: Case Studies on Undivided Streets

Thakur¹

2021

European Transport/Trasporti Europei

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Pedestrian movements sharing right-of-way with vehicular traffic have adverse impacts on the mobility of the traffic stream. Pedestrian movements both along and across the road often force drivers of approaching vehicles either to stop completely or to slow down and change the existing lane. It ultimately results in a decrease in stream speed. With the aim of determining the influence of pedestrian movements, the present study collected traffic data at a standard section (without pedestrian movements) and both traffic and pedestrian data at a pedestrian section (with considerable pedestrian movements). To determine the speed at the standard section, this paper presents a novel ‘Lambert W function’-based speed prediction model in the context of a two-lane undivided urban road. When stream speeds of the pedestrian section were compared to the stream speeds obtained through the speed prediction model at the same traffic volume condition in absence of pedestrians, a significant reduction was observed. This reduction in stream speed is governed by pedestrian parameters. A new pedestrian parameter ‘lateral position of pedestrian from the edge while walking along the road’ was conceived in this study along with few other parameters to predict Percent Speed Reduction (PSR). Intensities of these pedestrian parameters were observed varying over time which results in a high fluctuation in PSR within a range of 29% to 62%. Finally, this investigation forwards an empirical model of Percent Speed Reduction (PSR) to predict the stream speed in the presence of on-street pedestrian movements on undivided urban roads. The outcome of this paper will help transport planners to estimate the efficiency of pedestrian infrastructure projects before implementation.

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“…The mean speed over sidewalks vary consistently, as low mean speeds (52 m/min) were reported by Nazir et al (2012) and Poei et al (1995) in Bangladesh and Indonesia; while Kno acher (2006) and Finnis and Walton (2008) reported higher walking speeds of 97m/min and 88m/min in Austria and New Zealand, respectively. In India, the speed over sidewalks/ walkways was reported to range between 65 m/min (Sukhadia et al, 2016) to 84 m/min (Laxman et al, 2010). The variation in walking speed was mainly due to the physique (height), attractions (presence of vendors), and culture (attire and privacy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Factors Influencing Pedestrian Walking Speed over Elevated Facilities using Tree-Based Ensembles and Shapley Additive Explanations

Banerjee

Raoniar

Maurya

2021

Preprint

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Accurate estimation of factors affecting pedestrian walking speed is of paramount importance for efficient operation and management of at-grade and grade-separated infrastructures (such as foot over bridges or skywalks). Understanding such factors helps in planning for better circulation of pedestrians within confined elevated passageways as well as evacuation preparedness during emergencies. The walking speed on elevated infrastructure generally depends on the microscopic factors (demographics characteristics), macroscopic factors (average flow and density), and geometric factors (obstruction, land use type, length, connectivity, and effective width). The wide variability of these factors and their impact on walking speed makes the speed prediction modeling complex. Therefore, accuracy of such models depends on accurate field data collection, identification of pertinent variables, and implementation of appropriate modeling approaches. With the increase in computational capabilities, tree-based ensembles have gained immense popularity due to their high prediction accuracy in comparison to traditional regression models. The tree-based ensembles provide better interpretable results without a huge data requirement and are able to capture the complex non-linear relationships. These properties make tree-based ensemble models better candidates for modeling pedestrian walking speed, however, exploration on the tree-based ensemble in pedestrian related research is limited. In the current study, an attempt is made to model and compare seven tree-based models (including ensembles) to suggest the best modeling approach to identify the dominating factors and accurate prediction of pedestrian walking speeds over elevated walkways. The result of the present study showed that Gradient Boosted Trees (MAE 9.27) and Light Gradient Boosted Trees (MAE: 9.96) were best in predicting walking speed over the skywalk and foot over bridge facilities, as these boosting based methods improved the weak trees (on the basis of accuracy) sequentially. The variable importance of final models was estimated using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) which revealed that walking speed was dependent on the average flow, average density, and length of the facility. Moreover, other features such as gender, age, height, and width of the facility also play a significant role in determining the pedestrian walking speeds. The identification of important variables not only provides better insight on factors that affect walking speed over elevated facilities but also provides a valuable source of information to researchers, planners, and policymakers for better designing, operation, and management of the elevated pedestrian infrastructures.

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The Effect of Events on Pedestrian Behavior and its Comparison with Normal Walking Behavior in CBD Area in Indian Context

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

Lambert W Based Speed Reduction Model in Presence of Pedestrian Movements: Case Studies on Undivided Streets

Understanding the Factors Influencing Pedestrian Walking Speed over Elevated Facilities using Tree-Based Ensembles and Shapley Additive Explanations

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