The Effect of Exercise and Learning Therapy on Cognitive Functions and Physical Activity of Older People with Dementia in Indonesia

Abstract

Background. This study aims to analyze the effect of exercise and learning therapy on the cognitive functions and daily physical activities of older people with dementia in Indonesia. Methods. This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. Samples were selected using nonrandom sampling methods and were then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The study population was older people with mild-to-moderate dementia, and the sample number was 90 people. The intervention group received an Indonesian physical exercise program for older people and reading therapy through 12 sessions over four weeks. The intervention was led by a community health volunteer who has been trained and certified. Results. The mean score for cognitive function in the intervention group showed significant increase between pre- and postintervention, with p value < 0. 001 , and there was no significant difference in the control group before and after intervention, with a p value of 0. 198 . Further, the Mann–Whitney test showed that there were significant differences in the mean scores for cognitive function between the intervention and control groups with p value < 0. 001 and a 95% confidence level. Conclusion. Based on the results, the Indonesian older people exercise program and reading aloud activity had a positive effect on the cognitive function of older people with dementia.

A Telehealth Home-Based Exercise Program for Community-Dwelling Older People with Dementia in Indonesia: A Feasibility Study

“…Exercise studies for people with dementia have been conducted in several developed countries [ 6 , 8 , 11 , 23 ], but very few in developing countries such as Indonesia [ 24 ], with beneficial outcomes including improved physical and cognitive function being reported. However, more research is needed, particularly in developing countries, as there may be local factors in these countries that limit successful translation of these programs in the contexts of culture, environment, knowledge/preferences of consumers, and health care systems.…”

Pengaruh Program Deli (Demensia Peduli) Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Efikasi Diri Kader Kesehatan Pada Lansia Dengan Gangguan Kognitif Berbasis Masyarakat

“…Penderita demensia di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 mencapai 1,2 juta jiwa dan diperkirakan akan terus meningkat menjadi 2 juta di 2030 dan 4 juta orang pada tahun 2050. (Juniarti, 2021) Penurunan fungsi kognitif atau daya ingat adalah salah satu masalah yang biasa disebut sebagai syndrome geriatrie yang muncul seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah orang tua. Penurunan fungsi kognitif ini cenderung meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia.…”

“…Gangguan kognitif menjadi masalah serius bagi lansia karena Karena keterlambatan pemrosesan, kerja memori, dan fungsi kognitif eksekutif, gangguan kognitif menyebabkan penurunan kinerja pada tugastugas kognitif yang sangat penting saat mengambil keputusan. (Juniarti, 2021) Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mencatat sebagai salah satu dari sepuluh negara dengan jumlah penderita demensia tertinggi di dunia dan di Asia Tenggara pada 2015, Indonesia memiliki 4,07 juta orang di atas 60 tahun dengan konsentrasi tertinggi di atas 75 tahun.…”

Dementia Care Class Increases Confidence of Informal Caregivers in Community-Based Dementia Care

“…In Indonesia, in 2016 there were 1.2 million people with dementia and it is estimated that this will continue to increase to 2 million in 2030 and 4 million people in 2050. (Juniarti et al, 2021).…”

“…With the development of dementia, the elderly will experience difficulties in meeting their basic needs, thus increasing the dependency ratio in carrying out daily activities. Declining cognitive function in the elderly is also influenced by lifestyle factors and brain stimulation, including lack of cognitive and physical activity, impaired social relationships, and unhealthy eating patterns (Juniarti et al, 2021).…”