The Effect of Exercise on Secretory and Natural Immunity

Mackinnon, Laurel Traeger; Chick, Thomas W.; As, Andre van; Tomasi, Thomas B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5344-7_102

Cited by 111 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Concentrations of salivary IgG levels are unchanged by exercise in cyclists, 11,13 elite swimmers 5 and in healthy volunteers undertaking exhaustive cycling. 47 Salivary IgM concentrations decreased after exercise in most studies (Table 2) and paralleled the decrease in salivary IgA concentrations (Fig.…”

Section: Salivary Igm and Iggmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The concentration of salivary IgM has been shown to decrease after training sessions in elite swimmers 5,55 and after 2 h of exhausting cycling in competitive cyclists. 11,13 The concentrations of IgM were also lower in a team of female hockey players during competition compared with training sessions. 20 The secretion rate of IgM into saliva was unchanged after training in elite kayakers 46 but was decreased in a group of recreational athletes after brief supramaximal cycling.…”

Section: Salivary Igm and Iggmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A decrease in absolute concentrations of salivary IgA has been reported for elite skiers, 43 swimmers, 4,5 distance runners 44 and cyclists. 11,13 In squash players, the response of 13 8 Male cyclists Decreased absolute concentrations Mackinnon et al (1989) 11 Decreased as a proportion of total protein after a 2 h exhaustive cycle ergometer test Schouten et al (1988) 49 175 Young adults Decreased after maximal treadmill test in females, increased after maximal treadmill test in males Tharp and Barnes (1990) 4 21 Swimmers Decreased after routine training session Cameron and Priddle (1990) 44 13 Distance runners Decreased after 10.5 km high-intensity run Mackinnon et al (1992) 20 12 Female hockey players Decreased proportion relative to total protein after each training session and competition 7 29 Young males Decreased after maximal treadmill running 48 24 Young males Decreased after submaximal treadmill running 46 8 Male kayakers Decreased secretion rate after each training session Mackinnon and Jenkins (1993) 47 12 Young males Decreased output after brief supramaximal interval cycling Mackinnon and Hooper (1994) 23 10 Joggers Decreased after moderate treadmill exercise 8 Distance runners 5 26 Swimmers Decreased after routine training sessions in swimmers 12 Controls…”

Section: Salivary Igamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 Studies of the effect of exercise on secretion rates of IgA into saliva in elite athletes have indicated a decreased concentration post-exercise in kayakers 46 and triathletes. 43 Maximal intensity exercise elicits post-exercise decreases in the concentration of IgA in competitive cyclists 11,13 and in groups of recreational male athletes. 7,47,48 In contrast, increased concentrations of IgA have been reported in a study of male recreational athletes after maximal intensity exercise, 49 in marathon runners after a standard 42 km race 9 and in a moderately exercising group of runners and game players.…”

Section: Salivary Igamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10] Recovery, however, can be delayed after both exhaustive exercise 11 and repetitive intense training. 6,12 Despite this mucosal immune suppression, athletes are not immunocompromised in their response to common antigens 13 and novel mucosally presented vaccine bacterial antigens. 14 However, antiviral defence mechanisms may be compromised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise effects on mucosal immunity

Gleeson¹,

Pyne²

2000

Immunol Cell Biol

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SummaryThe present review examines the effects of exercise on mucosal immunity in recreational and elite athletes and the role of mucosal immunity in respiratory illness. Habitual exercise at an intense level can cause suppression of mucosal immune parameters, while moderate exercise may have positive effects. Saliva is the most commonly used secretion for measurement of secretory antibodies in the assessment of mucosal immune status. Salivary IgA and IgM concentrations decline immediately after a bout of intense exercise, but usually recover within 24 h. Training at an intense level over many years can result in a chronic suppression of salivary immunoglobulin levels. The degree of immune suppression and the recovery rates after exercise are associated with the intensity of exercise and the duration or volume of the training. Low levels of salivary IgM and IgA, particularly the IgA1 subclass, are associated with an increased risk of respiratory illness in athletes. Monitoring mucosal immune parameters during critical periods of training provides an assessment of the upper respiratory tract illness risk status of an individual athlete. The mechanisms underlying the mucosal immune suppression are unknown.

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Section: Salivary Igm and Iggmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Salivary Igm and Iggmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Salivary Igamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Salivary Igamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exercise effects on mucosal immunity

Gleeson¹,

Pyne²

2000

Immunol Cell Biol

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Endurance Exercise and the Immune Response

Nieman¹

2000

Endurance in Sport

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Psychological empowerment and exercising: The relationships between exercising, self‐stereotyping, agency, autonomy and physical self‐efficacy in non‐Western women

Mosanya,

Kassie

2024

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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Despite recent efforts towards equality, there are still gender disparities in Middle Eastern societies, where women are often discouraged from viewing themselves as autonomous, competent and self‐determining individuals due to the internalization of traditional gender norms. Research on women's empowerment in multicultural and non‐Western societies is scarce. In the absence of other interventions, exercising has been effective in increasing women's psychological and physical strength. The present study focused on women (N = 250) living in a non‐Western and multicultural environment, aiming to assess whether (a) self‐stereotyping negatively correlates with factors of empowerment (operationalized as a sense of autonomy, agency and self‐efficacy) and exercising, (b) exercising is positively associated with factors of empowerment and (c) if exercising would mediate the hypothesized relationship of self‐stereotyping on empowerment. Secondly, the study also qualitatively explored the subjectively reported exercising motives and outcomes. The results of quantitative analyses confirmed that self‐stereotyping was negatively correlated with autonomy and agency, but not with physical self‐efficacy. Exercising was positively correlated with all the factors of empowerment and negatively with self‐stereotyping. The structural equation modelling supported the intermediary role of exercising in the associations between self‐stereotyping and autonomy and agency. The qualitative analysis revealed that although the participants principally exercised for health‐related motives, the reported outcome was primarily reflective of experiences of empowerment. The findings could be used to inform current policies and interventions geared towards women to support and promote their physical and psychological well‐being.

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The Effect of Exercise on Secretory and Natural Immunity

Cited by 111 publications

References 12 publications

Exercise effects on mucosal immunity

Exercise effects on mucosal immunity

Endurance Exercise and the Immune Response

Psychological empowerment and exercising: The relationships between exercising, self‐stereotyping, agency, autonomy and physical self‐efficacy in non‐Western women

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