The Effect of Exercise Training on the Severity and Duration of a Upper Respiratory Illness 554

Weidner, Thomas G.; Cranston, T. E.; Kaminsky, Leonard A.; Dick, Elliot C.; Schurr, T; Sevier, Thomas L.

doi:10.1097/00005768-199605001-00554

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Sometimes the problems inherent in symptom reporting have been compounded by requirements of prolonged record‐keeping (as long as a year) and/or attempts to recall events that had occurred several months earlier. In one instance, objective measurements of mucus secretion had been obtained 30 and another study recorded antimicrobial treatment, days with fever and absence from school, 31 but there do not seem to have been any attempts to obtain other objective information, such as the number of coughs, sneezes or nose blows per day. Reliance on a symptomatic approach is liable to be confounded by symptoms arising from other clinical problems, such as allergies and asthma, although only a few studies have taken the precaution of excluding individuals with conditions that might generate a respiratory symptomatology.…”

Section: Quality Of Research Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of the epidemiology of exercise immunology

Shephard

2000

Immunol Cell Biol

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The application of epidemiological methods to exercise immunology is reviewed briefly, with particular reference to the possible influences of physical activity, exercise and training on susceptibility to upper respiratory infections. Available reports are arbitrarily rated in terms of limiting factors: the quality of the assessment of physical activity, the precision of diagnosis of upper respiratory infection and overall methodology. The pattern of physical activity has often been clearly established but, in part because of the problems associated with the competitive environment, assessments of infection and overall methodology have often been less than optimal. Although there is some evidence that susceptibility to infection is increased by either a single bout of very heavy activity or a period of heavy training, reports are far from unanimous, and in certain respects fail to meet the classical epidemiological criteria of a causal relationship. The issue is important to both the health and the success of the international competitor, and merits definitive investigation, using optimal methods to assess both activity patterns and infection.

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Section: Quality Of Research Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, there have been few objective assessments of upper respiratory infection. One study that measured the weight of nasal mucus secretion found no influence of moderate training on either the number or the duration of upper respiratory infections 30 …”

Section: Evidence Of Causalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the epidemiology of exercise immunology

Shephard

2000

Immunol Cell Biol

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“…This experimental approach has been used in general medicine (8) but not widely in sports medicine. Only a few studies have examined how athletes respond to such a challenge (100). We examined the hypothesis that elite athletes may have adequate recall immunity but compromised ability to respond to a previously unencountered pathogen (18).…”

Section: A Focus On Immune Changes In Highly Trained Swimmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intensive Exercise Training on Immunity in Athletes

Pyne¹,

Gleeson²

1998

Int J Sports Med

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A large number of studies have failed to show whether exercise-induced perturbations in immune function are associated with the incidence of infection. "Sports immunology", examining the interaction of physical, psychological and environmental stress on immunity, is emerging as a sub-discipline of sports medicine. A series of studies by our research team has profiled the immune responses of elite swimmers during training. Serum immunoglobulin and IgG subclass levels were lower in swimmers than controls. Suppression of mucosal immune parameters has been associated with the risk of upper respiratory tract infection. Swimmers with a lower pre-season salivary IgA and/or lower pre-exercise salivary IgA level were more likely to contract an URTI during a 7-month training period. In a shorter 12-week study, infected swimmers had a mean salivary IgM concentration that dropped more sharply after a single training session. Significant declines in natural killer cell count and neutrophil oxidative activity were not associated with URTI. Despite systemic and mucosal immunosuppression a cohort of swimmers were also able to mount an antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine equivalent to that of sedentary individuals. Observations of chronic suppression of aspects of host defence and the significant relationship between changes in mucosal immune parameters and URTI, provide a framework for assessment of the immune status of athletes. The underlying causes of upper respiratory tract distress symptoms may be infective, inflammatory or allergic in origin: a differential diagnosis has implications for treatment and management.

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The Effect of Exercise Training on the Severity and Duration of a Upper Respiratory Illness 554

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Overview of the epidemiology of exercise immunology

Overview of the epidemiology of exercise immunology

Effects of Intensive Exercise Training on Immunity in Athletes

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