The Effect of Exercise Training on Physical Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Larose, Joanie; Sigal, Ronald J.; Boulé, Normand G.; Wells, George A.; Prud’homme, Denis; Fortier, Michelle; Reid, Robert D.; Tulloch, Heather; Coyle, Douglas; Phillips, Penny; Jennings, Alison; Khandwala, Farah; Kenny, Glen P.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000386256.45514.fa

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Body weight significantly decreased with aerobic exercise training in comparison to the control group (−2.6 vs −0.3 kg, p=0.008); the change in weight with combined exercise training did not differ from that in the aerobic training group. The improvements in fitness in the DARE trial have also been reported elsewhere [14]. In short, after aerobic and combined exercise training, The results from regression analyses are displayed in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Improving physical fitness in its own right is crucial for individuals with type 2 diabetes, as the majority are sedentary and have low exercise tolerance. We have shown that aerobic exercise training leads to important improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and that resistance training improves muscular strength [14]. We have also reported that glucose control is improved with aerobic and resistance training whether performed alone or in combination [13].…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Both aerobic and resistance exercise training improved glycaemic control, and a combination of both was superior to either type of exercise training alone [13]. Moreover, when performed separately, aerobic exercise training resulted in significant improvements in maximal and submaximal aerobic fitness, whereas resistance exercise training led to considerable improvements in muscular strength [14]. When performed in combination, aerobic and resistance exercise improved aerobic fitness and muscle strength [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Moreover, when performed separately, aerobic exercise training resulted in significant improvements in maximal and submaximal aerobic fitness, whereas resistance exercise training led to considerable improvements in muscular strength [14]. When performed in combination, aerobic and resistance exercise improved aerobic fitness and muscle strength [14]. There is empirical evidence that improvements in peak oxygen consumption (V : O 2peak ) are associated with improvements in glycaemic control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these results were obtained by pooling summary data from small studies and driven to a large extent by those of a single study [4], in which exercise intensity and change in HbA 1c were much greater than in the other studies [16][17][18][19]. Also, few studies have looked at improvements in submaximal aerobic capacity in individuals with type 2 diabetes [14,16]. Submaximal exercise is often recommended for sedentary individuals, to overcome many of the limitations of using higher training intensities, notably the risk of injuries and low adherence to exercise programmes [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Associations between physical fitness and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2010

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Aim/hypothesis In people with type 2 diabetes, exercise improves glucose control (as reflected in HbA 1c ) and physical fitness, but it is not clear to what extent these exercise-induced improvements are correlated with one another. We hypothesised that reductions in HbA 1c would be related: (1) to increases in aerobic fitness and strength respectively in patients performing aerobic training or resistance training; and (2) to changes in strength and aerobic fitness in patients performing aerobic and resistance training. Methods We randomly allocated 251 type 2 diabetes patients to aerobic, resistance, or aerobic plus resistance training, or to a sedentary control group. Peak oxygen consumption (V : O 2peak ), workload, treadmill time and ventilatory threshold measurements from maximal treadmill exercise testing were measured at baseline and 6 months.Muscular strength was measured as the maximum weight that could be lifted eight times on the leg press, bench press and seated row exercises. Results With aerobic training, significant associations were found between changes in both V : O 2peak (p=0.040) and workload (p=0.022), and changes in HbA 1c. With combined training, improvements in V : O 2peak (p = 0.008), workload (p=0.034) and ventilatory threshold (p=0.003) were significantly associated with changes in HbA 1c. Increases in strength on the seated row (p=0.006) and in mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (p=0.030) were significantly associated with changes in HbA 1c after resistance exercise, whereas the association between increases in muscle cross-sectional area and HbA 1c in participants doing aerobic plus resistance exercise (p= 0.059) was of borderline significance. Conclusions/interpretation There appears to be a link between changes in fitness and HbA 1c . The improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness with aerobic training may be a better predictor of changes in HbA 1c than improvements in strength.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between physical fitness and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2010

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Effects of 12-week overground walking training at ventilatory threshold velocity in type 2 diabetic women

Belli

Ribeiro

Ackermann

et al. 2011

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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This study analyzed the effects of overground walking training at ventilatory threshold (VT) velocity on glycaemic control, body composition, physical fitness and lipid profile in DM2 women. Nineteen sedentary patients were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n=10, 55.9±2.2 years) or a trained group (TG; n=9, 53.4±2.3 years). Both groups were subjected to anthropometric measures, a 12-h fasting blood sampling and a graded treadmill exercise test at baseline and after a 12-week period, during which TG followed a training program involving overground walking at VT velocity for 20-60min/session three times/week. Significant group×time interactions (P<0.05) in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass, body mass index (BMI), peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)) and exercise duration were observed as effects of training exercise, whereas intervention did not induced significant changes (P>0.05) in fasting blood glucose, submaximal fitness parameters and lipid profile. Our results suggest that overground walking training at VT velocity improves long term glycaemic control, body composition and exercise capacity, attesting for the relevance of this parameter as an effective strategy for the exercise intensity prescription in DM2 population.

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Comparison of strength development with resistance training and combined exercise training in type 2 diabetes

Larose

Sigal

Khandwala

et al. 2011

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Resistance training has been shown to increase strength in type 2 diabetes; however, it is unclear if combining resistance and aerobic training (A + R) impedes strength development compared with resistance training only (R). The purpose of this study was to compare changes in strength with A + R vs R in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated monthly workload increments in participants from the Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise clinical trial. Muscular strength was assessed through training volumes and as the eight repetition maximum (8-RM) at 0, 3, and 6 months. Both groups increased their upper and lower body volumes monthly for 6 months. The relative increase in upper body workload in R was significantly greater than A + R at 4 months (161 ± 11% vs 127 ± 11%, P = 0.009) and at 6 months of training (177 ± 11% vs 132 ± 11%, P = 0.008). Both groups had improvements in 8-RM workloads at 3 and 6 months. The resistance training group had a significantly greater improvement in 8-RM on the leg press at 6 months compared with A + R (80 ± 11% vs 58 ± 8%, P = 0.045). Both R and A + R improved strength with a 6-month training program; however, increases in strength may be greater with resistance training alone compared with performing both aerobic and resistance training.

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The Effect of Exercise Training on Physical Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 6 publications

References 74 publications

Associations between physical fitness and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Associations between physical fitness and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Effects of 12-week overground walking training at ventilatory threshold velocity in type 2 diabetic women

Comparison of strength development with resistance training and combined exercise training in type 2 diabetes

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