The effect of exposure to chlorfenvinphos on lipid metabolism and apoptotic and necrotic cells death in the brain of rats

Roszczenko, Alicja; Rogalska, Joanna; Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, J; Brzóska, Małgorzata M.

doi:10.1016/j.etp.2012.03.002

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…During the present investigation, CPF was found to have genotoxic potential as revealed by significant increase in percentage tail DNA and OTM in all the three tissues of rats as compared to controls. Earlier studies suggested that both acute and chronic intoxication by pesticides including CPF lead to the induction of oxidative stress by generating ROS which may further attack lipids, proteins, and DNA, causing oxidation and membrane damage, enzyme inactivation, and even cell death or cancer [1,25,26]. The increased ROS attacks the biomolecules like DNA resulting in increase in DNA damage, as observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Assessment of Antioxidative and Ameliorative Potential of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Thuja Orientalis (Platycladus Orientalis [L.])

Mehra

Sharma

Chadha

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective:The main objective of the present study is to assess the antioxidative and attenuating potential of aqueous extract of leaves of Thuja orientalis (AET) against the genotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) (O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate).Methods: Phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed to reveal the presence of various bioactive compounds. Free radical scavenging activity was assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and further genoprotective activity of AET was evaluated by in vivo studies using rat as model. For this purpose, male healthy rats, 8-10 weeks old, weighing 120±10 g, were selected and divided into three groups, namely Group 1 fed with corn oil, taken as control, Group 2 fed with CPF, and Group 3 treated with AET 1 week before CPF exposure. ¼ of LD 50 , i.e., 38 mg/kg CPF was used for experiment and was orally administered to rats. Results:The presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenes was confirmed by phytochemical analysis. DPPH assay revealed the IC 50 value which was deduced to be 205.04 µl/ml. In vivo study including exposure to pesticide alone for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h showed significant increase in DNA damage (p≤0.01) in liver, kidney, and blood as compared to control. However, a dose of AET 400 mg/kg p.o. given 1 week before each duration of CPF exhibited significant protection from CPF-induced genotoxicity.Conclusion: Thus, the study suggests the positive effect of aqueous leaf extract of T. orientalis in ameliorating the damage induced by pesticide exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Assessment of Antioxidative and Ameliorative Potential of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Thuja Orientalis (Platycladus Orientalis [L.])

Mehra

Sharma

Chadha

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…Furthermore, OP induced ROS attack lipids, proteins and DNA, causing oxidation and membrane damage, enzyme inactivation, DNA damage and cell death [128-130]. The highly reactive free radicals attack DNA resulting in single and double strand breaks, as well as oxidative damage to sugar and base residues that can later be converted to strand breaks [131].…”

Section: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology

et al. 2013

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Acetylcholinesterase is involved in the termination of impulse transmission by rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in numerous cholinergic pathways in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The enzyme inactivation, induced by various inhibitors, leads to acetylcholine accumulation, hyperstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, and disrupted neurotransmission. Hence, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, interacting with the enzyme as their primary target, are applied as relevant drugs and toxins. This review presents an overview of toxicology and pharmacology of reversible and irreversible acetylcholinesterase inactivating compounds. In the case of reversible inhibitors being commonly applied in neurodegenerative disorders treatment, special attention is paid to currently approved drugs (donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s disease, and toxic carbamates used as pesticides. Subsequently, mechanism of irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition induced by organophosphorus compounds (insecticides and nerve agents), and their specific and nonspecific toxic effects are described, as well as irreversible inhibitors having pharmacological implementation. In addition, the pharmacological treatment of intoxication caused by organophosphates is presented, with emphasis on oxime reactivators of the inhibited enzyme activity administering as causal drugs after the poisoning. Besides, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides can be detoxified in mammals through enzymatic hydrolysis before they reach targets in the nervous system. Carboxylesterases most effectively decompose carbamates, whereas the most successful route of organophosphates detoxification is their degradation by corresponding phosphotriesterases.

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“…The degree of enzyme inhibition followed a positive correlation with various time intervals. Various studies suggest that both acute and chronic intoxication by CPF disturb the redox processes and lead to generation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) which may further attack lipids, proteins, DNA, causing oxidation and membrane damage, enzyme inactivation and even cell death (Halliwell and Gutteridge 1999 ; Valko et al 2004 ; Roszczenko et al 2013 ). Organophosphate compounds undergo degradation in the body leading to formation of various transformation products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of neurotoxicity by organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos and modulating role of cow urine

Sharma

Chadha

2016

SpringerPlus

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IntroductionOrganophosphate pesticides are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals for controlling a wide variety of pests and for domestic purposes. Among these chlorpyrifos (CPF) is the most extensively used pesticide throughout the world, including India.ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to examine the neurotoxicity induced by CPF and modulatory effect of cow urine as a natural antioxidant alternative to reduce the neurotoxic effects of CPF.DesignFor this purpose LD50 was determined and one fourth of LD50 was selected (38 mg/kg body weight (b.wt)) for treatment of rats. The antioxidant level of cow urine was determined by ABTS assay.ResultsExposure to pesticides resulted in significant reduction in the acetylcholinestrase (AChE) activity (P ≤ 0.01). However, groups pretreated with cow urine had improved levels of AChE activity as compared to CPF treated groups.ConclusionThus, the present findings clearly show that oral CPF has the propensity to cause significant neurotoxicity in rat brains while cow urine treatment alleviates CPF induced toxicity to a greater extent. In addition, AChE can be used as a potential biomarker of toxicity associated with pesticide exposure.

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The effect of exposure to chlorfenvinphos on lipid metabolism and apoptotic and necrotic cells death in the brain of rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Assessment of Antioxidative and Ameliorative Potential of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Thuja Orientalis (Platycladus Orientalis [L.])

Assessment of Antioxidative and Ameliorative Potential of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Thuja Orientalis (Platycladus Orientalis [L.])

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Pharmacology and Toxicology

Induction of neurotoxicity by organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos and modulating role of cow urine

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