The Effect of External Apple Vinegar Application on Varicosity Symptoms, Pain, and Social Appearance Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Aim. We aimed to determine the effect of external apple vinegar application on the symptoms and social appearance anxiety of varicosity patients who were suggested conservative treatment. Method. The study was planned as an experimental, randomized, and controlled study. 120 patients were randomly selected and then were randomly allocated to either experimental or control group by simple blind random sampling method. In the collection of research data, a questionnaire questioning sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) were used. The patients in the study group were suggested to apply apple vinegar to the area of the leg with varicosity alongside the treatment suggested by the doctor. The patients in the control group received no intervention during the study. Results. The sociodemographic and clinic characteristics of both groups were found to be similar (p > 0.05). The patients were evaluated with regard to cramps, pain, leg fatigue perception, edema, itching, pigmentation, and weight feelings in the leg, VAS, and SAAS averages in the second evaluation; the control group had a decrease in such symptoms (p > 0.05) although the decrease in the application group was higher and statistically meaningful (p < 0.05). Conclusion. We determined that the external application of apple vinegar on varicosity patients, which is a very easy application, increased the positive effects of conservative treatment.

Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and sensory characteristics of commercial gape vinegars during long-term storage

“…Vinegars are widely useful for medical and cosmetic purposes (Ashchyan et al, 2018). They have an alkali characteristic that decomposes lactic acid in body tissues and helps relieve fatigue (Atik et al, 2016;Choi et al, 2013), and the sour flavor promotes appetite, digestion and absorption (Jeong et al, 2011). In addition, vinegar promotes the excretion of sodium and silicic acid, and it is known to be effective in preventing or treating fever, swelling, stomach ache and metabolic complications, such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia (Budak et al, 2014;Ishak et al, 2018;Mitrou et al, 2015).…”

The role of the clinical pharmacist in patient education and monitoring of patients under warfarin treatment

“…In the final measurements, patients had improved by 40%, indicating that the pharmacist's intervention and counseling had a positive effect on reaching the target INR range. In studies of physician-and pharmacist-conducted anticoagulant treatment management, the pharmacists were shown to achieve better control of the INR than the physicians [14,28].…”

“…Recently, a pharmacist-led INR clinic model has been introduced in the USA, Canada, South Korea, Saudi Arabia and many other countries worldwide [9][10][11][12][13]. Many studies have addressed the efficacy of these clinics [14][15][16][17][18].…”

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“…Thus, it can be concluded that the harmonizing function of apple cider vinegar increases the effect of other routine treatments. No reliable data was found regarding the dose of this drug 18 .…”