The effect of facial blood flow on ratings of blushing and negative affect during an embarrassing task: Preliminary findings

Drummond, Peter D.; Lazaroo, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.012

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A few studies that used measures of physiological blushing (Drummond et al., ; Mulkens, de Jong, & Bögels, ) failed to find the relationship between physiological parameters of blushing and social anxiety. In contrast, other studies (Bögels, Rijsemus, & De Jong, ; Drummond & Lazaroo, ) supported the hypothesis that physiological blushing is related to social anxiety.…”

Section: Phenomenology Of Blushingmentioning

confidence: 79%

Blushing and Social Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis

Nikolić

Colonnesi

Vente

et al. 2015

Clin Psychol Sci Pract

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Blushing was recently introduced in the DSM‐5 as a “hallmark” physiological response of social anxiety disorder, and it is now acknowledged as an important aspect of social anxiety. Three meta‐analyses were performed to examine the association between blushing and social anxiety. The relationship between blushing and social anxiety was strong for self‐perceived blushing, small for physiological blushing, and medium for observed blushing. In addition, the relationship between self‐perceived blushing and social anxiety was stronger when social anxiety was measured as a state and when blushing was measured using questionnaires with five or more items. Results suggest that socially anxious people perceive themselves as blushing more than do less socially anxious people and overestimate the intensity of their physiological blushing.

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Section: Phenomenology Of Blushingmentioning

confidence: 79%

Blushing and Social Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis

Nikolić

Colonnesi

Vente

et al. 2015

Clin Psychol Sci Pract

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“…Human cardiovascular activities are important biological signals. They are convenient and reliable indicators of a variety of physiological and psychological activities and thus are widely used in human neuroscience research 1 – 3 . For example, during rest, cardiovascular activity is at the baseline level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal optical imaging revealed different spatiotemporal patterns of facial cardiovascular activities

Liu

Hong

Zheng

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Human cardiovascular activities are important indicators of a variety of physiological and psychological activities in human neuroscience research. The present proof-of-concept study aimed to reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of cardiovascular activities from the dynamic changes in hemoglobin concentrations in the face. We first recorded the dynamics of facial transdermal blood flow using a digital video camera and the Electrocardiography (ECG) signals using an ECG system simultaneously. Then we decomposed the video imaging data extracted from different sub-regions of a face into independent components using group independent component analysis (group ICA). Finally, the ICA components that included cardiovascular activities were identified by correlating their magnitude spectrum to those obtained from the ECG. We found that cardiovascular activities were associated with five independent components reflecting different spatiotemporal dynamics of facial blood flow changes. The strongest strengths of these ICA components were observed in the bilateral forehead, the left chin, and the left cheek, respectively. Our findings suggest that the cardiovascular activities presented different dynamic properties within different facial sub-regions, respectively. More broadly, the present findings point to the potential of the transdermal optical imaging technology as a new neuroscience methodology to study human physiology and psychology, noninvasively and remotely in a contactless manner.

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“…They also suggest that cumulative or exercise-induced increases in facial blood flow delay the resolution of flushing in people with a fear of blushing. Prostaglandins might contribute, in part, to this delay (Drummond and Lazaroo, 2012a;2012b) because cheek blood flow remained higher at the control than ibuprofen-treated site after exercise in the high-fear group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we found that a low dose of the vasodilator nicotinic acid (niacin) provoked greater increases in facial blood flow in people with high than low fear of negative evaluation (a cardinal feature of social anxiety), both when they sat quietly (Drummond and Lazaroo, 2012a) and during an embarrassing task (singing a children's song) (Drummond and Lazaroo, 2012b). Niacin dilates superficial blood vessels by releasing prostaglandin D 2 from epidermal Langerhans cells and prostaglandin E 2 from keratinocytes (Benyo et al, 2006;Hanson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was hypothesized that ibuprofen would inhibit increases in cheek ͷ blood flow when participants exercised by blocking prostaglandins-mediated vasodilatation. As social anxiety is associated with a heightened response to prostaglandins (Drummond and Lazaroo 2012a;2012b), it was hypothesized that the inhibitory effect of ibuprofen would be greater in people with a fear of blushing than in people without this fear. We expected that participants who were frightened of blushing would report more embarrassment when they sang than participants without this fear, due to greater social anxiety in the high-than low-fear group (Voncken and Bögels, 2009;Dijk et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topical ibuprofen inhibits blushing during embarrassment and facial flushing during aerobic exercise in people with a fear of blushing

Drummond

Minosora

Little

et al. 2013

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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Cite this article as: Peter D. Drummond, Kate Minosora, Gretta Little, Wendy Keay, Topical ibuprofen inhibits blushing during embarrassment and facial flushing during aerobic exercise in people with a fear of blushing, European Neuropsychopharmacology, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.euroneuro.2013.07.013 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The flush that develops during whole-body heat stress depends partly on prostaglandins production in the skin. Variations in the strength of this local mechanism may contribute to individual differences in susceptibility to blushing and associated anxiety. To investigate this in the present study, the anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen (which blocks prostaglandins formation) was applied topically to a small area of the cheek in 16 participants with a fear of blushing and in another 14 without this fear. Changes in skin blood flow were monitored at the ibuprofen-treated site and at a mirror image control site while participants sang (to induce embarrassment and blushing) and during aerobic exercise (to induce flushing). The topical ibuprofen treatment inhibited increases in cheek blood flow in both groups during both of these tasks. However, increases in cheek blood flow were greater in participants with high than low fear of blushing immediately after exercise. These findings suggest that prostaglandins contribute to dilatation of facial blood vessels both during emotional arousal (embarrassment) and aerobic exercise. Furthermore, fear of blushing may be associated with mechanisms that delay the resumption of normal vascular tone after a period of vasodilatation. Whether topical ibuprofen gel is suitable for intermittent or long-term use as an aid for blushing control requires further investigation.

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The effect of facial blood flow on ratings of blushing and negative affect during an embarrassing task: Preliminary findings

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Blushing and Social Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis

Blushing and Social Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis

Transdermal optical imaging revealed different spatiotemporal patterns of facial cardiovascular activities

Topical ibuprofen inhibits blushing during embarrassment and facial flushing during aerobic exercise in people with a fear of blushing

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