The effect of faecally excreted ivermectin and fenbendazole on the insect colonisation of cattle dung following the oral administration of sustained-release boluses

Strong, L.; Wall, Richard; Woolford, AC; Djeddour, Djamila

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(95)00890-x

Cited by 80 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Ivermectin residues in cattle dung particularly affect Cyclorrhaphan Diptera [20]. The larval mortality of Musca domestica [13] and Musca vetustissima [15,22,23] is significantly higher than in controls more than one month after a subcutaneous injection of ivermectin to cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ivermectin has a high potency at low concentrations against nematodes and arthropods, in particular against dung beetles and flies [8,18,20,21], and it has been demonstrated that dung pats containing ivermectin are degraded significantly slower than pats containing no ivermectin [3,13,20,21]. Although some authors [3,15] have previously recommended that cattle breeders treat their cattle with subcutaneous injection of ivermectin when there is negligible dung beetle activity, the spread of the use of Résumé -Effets négatifs des résidus d'ivermectine délivrés par un bolus à diffusion lente sur la survie du coprophage Aphodius constans (Duft.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The negative effects of the residues of ivermectin in cattle dung using a sustained-release bolus on Aphodius constans (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae)

et al. 2001

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-This paper reports the findings of two trials into the effects of the treatment of cattle with ivermectin slow-release (SR) bolus on the larval development of the dung beetle Aphodius constans Duft. Rectal faecal samples were collected prior to treatment and every 3 and 2 weeks in a first and second trial, respectively, and up to 156 days post-administration of the SR bolus. Faecal ivermectin concentration reached a peak at 63 days post-treatment (1427 ng⋅g -1 ) and ivermectin was detected up to 147 days post-treatment in the first trial (7.2 ng⋅g -1 ). First stage larvae of A. constans were reared with control or contaminated dung and adult beetles were counted after emergence. In the first trial, the comparison of pairwise samples showed that ivermectin prevented the development of larval A. constans until day 105, while at day 135 the rate of emergence was still significantly lower than the corresponding series of control (p < 0.05). In the second trial, the difference between control and treated series remained significant until 143 days post-treatment, with no emergence until 128 days post-administration of SR bolus to cattle. These results show the negative effect of ivermectin on the development of larval A. constans, even at a low concentration (38.4 ng⋅g -1 ). The administration of ivermectin sustained-release bolus to cattle was highly effective in killing dung beetle larvae for approximately 143 days after treatment. The results were similar when dung was obtained from a single animal kept alone, or from a blending of faecal pats obtained from a group of animals kept in field conditions during the whole trial period.ivermectin / sustained-release (SR) bolus / cattle / dung beetle / rate of emergence / environmental risk Vet. Res. 32 (2001) [421][422][423][424][425][426][427] 421

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The negative effects of the residues of ivermectin in cattle dung using a sustained-release bolus on Aphodius constans (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae)

et al. 2001

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“…Excretion patterns and cumulative excretion may differ depending on species, race, mode of application and dosage. Data reported in literature suggest that total cumulative excretion may range from 0.2 to 1 and the excretion time from 1 and 100 days, depending on species, substance, dosage and route of administration (Short et al, 1987, Halley et al, 1989, Lumaret et al, 1993, Herd, 1995, Strong et al, 1996, Ramazza et al, 1996and Winckler and Grafe, 2001c. Although the parent compound may be transformed into transformation products, the conjugates may be reverted in the slurry to active compounds (Henschel et al, 1997 andPanter et al, 1999) and others may have some activity themselves (Schowanek and Webb, 2002).…”

Section: Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the exposure assessment for veterinary medicinal products

Montforts

2006

Science of The Total Environment

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Under the EU Directive 2004/28/EC, an environmental risk assessment of new veterinary medicinal products is required. Given the nature of risk assessment for new applications, there is a need to model exposure concentrations. Critical evaluations are essential to ensure that the use of models by regulators does not result in the propagation of misleading information. The empirical validations of soil exposure models, previously discussed in this journal, indicate that it is impossible to analyse the contribution of every model parameter to the variability in the predictions. In particular, the prediction of the slurry concentration is challenged by uncertainties concerning dilution, mixing and dissipation of residues. Surface water and groundwater models generated highly deviating results compared to the field results, questioning the usefulness of the available screening models. Animal husbandry, slurry handling and environmental conditions throughout Europe are considered in order to define realistic worst case scenarios, to be used in conjunction with distribution models for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products at registration. Given the variability in manure management practice throughout Europe, a deterministic approach for the manure-to-soil model was selected. Both worst case and best case scenario were developed. Several modelling assumptions applied in the surface water exposure model for fish nursery effluent were validated against newly available data. Since the available data give no proof that a settling tank contributes to the removal of pesticides from waste water, it is recommended for risk assessment purposes to consider the contribution of the settling tank to removal of pesticides and medicines to be negligible. Surface water dilution factors may be considered to be rather small, a factor of 2, for low flow situations.

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“…Levamisole and albendazole are mainly eliminated in the urine [12,47,86], while the principal elimination route of oxfendazole, fenbendazole, and morantel concerns the faeces, without significant insecticidal activity on non-target fauna [46,48,64,82,103]. Macrocyclic lactones are primarily excreted in the faeces, with noticeable insecticidal activity on non-target organisms.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics and Routes Of Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

2002

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-The overall purpose of this paper was to review the major and most recent literature relating the effects of anthelmintics on dung breeding invertebrates and dung degradation. Faecal residues or metabolites of drugs belonging to the benzimidazole and levamisole/morantel groups are relatively harmless to dung fauna, on the contrary to other anthelmintics such as coumaphos, dichlorvos, phenothiazine, piperazine, synthetic pyrethroids, and most macrocyclic lactones which have been shown to be highly toxic for dung beetles (abamectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin), among which moxidectin was the less toxic for dung beetles. To date, the detrimental impact upon non-target organisms has been considered acceptable in eradicating the parasites because of their economic importance to commercial livestock production. The consequences of routine treatments are discussed with consideration of the long-term consequences for cow pat fauna and sustainable pastureland ecology.anthelmintic / residue / dung beetle / Diptera / sustainable parasite control Résumé -Usage des anthelminthiques en élevage et évaluation des risques pour la faune non cible du pâturage. Cet article de synthèse passe en revue les travaux de la littérature les plus récents concernant les effets secondaires des principaux produits vétérinaires utilisés en routine sur la faune coprophage et sur la dégradation des excréments dans les pâturages. Les résidus (ou les métabolites) des groupes du benzimidazole et levamisole/morantel trouvés dans les excréments s'avèrent relativement peu toxiques pour la faune coprophage. Au contraire les anthelminthiques des groupes suivants s'avèrent hautement toxiques: coumaphos, dichlorvos, phénothiazine, pipérazine, pyréthroïdes de synthèse, et la plupart des lactones macrocycliques (abamectine, ivermectine, éprinomectine, doramectine), la moxidectine étant la moins toxique pour la faune coprophage. Jusqu'à présent, cet impact négatif a été considéré comme acceptable par les éleveurs et firmes pharmaceutiques en regard de l'importance économique du contrôle et/ou l'éradication des parasites. Les conséquences des traitements de routine sont discutées en considérant que l'absence de dégradation des bouses constatée 547

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The effect of faecally excreted ivermectin and fenbendazole on the insect colonisation of cattle dung following the oral administration of sustained-release boluses

Cited by 80 publications

References 16 publications

The negative effects of the residues of ivermectin in cattle dung using a sustained-release bolus on Aphodius constans (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae)

The negative effects of the residues of ivermectin in cattle dung using a sustained-release bolus on Aphodius constans (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae)

Validation of the exposure assessment for veterinary medicinal products

Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

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