The effect of FDI on environmental emissions: Evidence from a meta-analysis

Is the Relocation of Polluting Industries Prompted by FDI Flow and Stock, Globalisation, Corruption and Regulation?

“…The nexus between FDI and the environment has positive and negative externalities. Demena and Afesorgbor [ 18 ] provide a meta-analysis of the effects of FDI on the environment. There are two main hypotheses empirically tested in this subject: the Pollution Halo and the Pollution Haven Hypotheses.…”

“…There are two main hypotheses empirically tested in this subject: the Pollution Halo and the Pollution Haven Hypotheses. The Pollution Halo hypothesis posits that FDI inflows preserve the environment by reducing emissions [ 18 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. The transference of advanced and eco-friendly technologies is the key driver for this [ 44 ].…”

“…The analysis of FDI flow and stock in the same study is scarce in the literature [ 18 ]. To address this gap, FDI is analysed through the inward and outward FDI flow and stock to assess the effects of the relocation of pollutant industries.…”

The Linkage between CO2, FDI, Economic Growth and Value-Added: A European Perspective

“…The signi cance of GVA-A models in Table 9 is in line with the suggestion, the sign between FDI on CO2 emission is dependent on the productivity specialization of the country and the country's competitive advantage. The insigni cance of FDI and CO2 emission in the SE region is understood by the isolated phenomena, it implies other sectors have a greater impact compared to agriculture, which means these phenomena in uenced by the other factors (Atici, 2012;Demena & Afesorgbor, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). Further, the increase of FDI in ow by 1% tends to raise the CO2 emission 3.23% in EE and 5% increase tends to 0.43% in WE, while in NE this association is negative so the increase of FDI in ow by 0.1% decrease the CO2 emission − 1.37%.…”

The impact of foreign direct investment on emission reduction targets: Evidence from high- and middle-income countries

“…A country's characteristics may amplify the impacts of FDI. It can harm the environment in countries with lower environmental awareness ( Xing and Kolstad, 2002 ), or improve environmental quality in countries more conscious of its importance as referred by Demena & Afesorgbor (2019) . These characteristics are more exploited in the three main hypotheses associated with the FDI-environment nexus: the Porter, Pollution Halo, and Pollution Haven hypotheses.…”