“…In our system, the pure ZnO NPs show the PM behavior, but all of the other doping samples exhibit the clear RTFM, so it's sure that the RTFM is induced by doping of Zr. In the XRD patterns, all the intense peaks from Zn 1-x Zr x O (x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02) could be indexed the same hexagonal wurtzite structure as pure ZnO NPs, the increase in a and c parameter as a function of Zr concentration is consistent with the substitution of Zn 2+ ions (0.74 Å) by Zr 4+ ions (0.84 Å) [ 25 , 26 ]. The more Zn 2+ were substituted by Zr 4+ , the greater lattice distortion of ZnO would be generated, the more vacancies and/or interstitials should be got.…”