The effect of feedback in virtual attention training on orienting attention in individuals with sluggish cognitive tempo

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of feedback in a virtual attention training program to improve the attentional characteristics of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT). Method: The SCT group ( N = 60) and control group ( N = 30) were identified, and the attention network test-revised (ANT-R) was performed to measure attention characteristics. Based on this result, a virtual reality (VR) feedback attention training program was developed to improve the efficiency of engagement and disengagement of attention in SCT. Sixty participants with SCT were recruited and grouped into two conditions: VR feedback ( n = 30) and no-feedback ( n = 30) conditions. Results: The results show that the VR attention training program with feedback significantly improves the attention-orienting network. Conclusion: This suggests that it is necessary to provide immediate feedback for effective attention training for SCT and continuous intervention may be possible when feedback is provided together.

Attention networks and their interactions: From the lab to mobile virtual reality

“…Despite the exploratory nature of these findings, the study emphasises VR's potential in assessing attentional networks, merging ecological validity with experimental rigour. Additionally, feedback during the ANT-VR may improve participant engagement and efficiency in disengaging and moving, similar to recent findings on the role of feedback for improving orientation (Kim & Lee, 2022).…”

“…Feedback probably led to better disengagement from invalid cues and improved attentional control 36 in the ANT-VR. Previous research indicates that feedback improves attentional control and selfregulation, thereby enhancing participants' attentional awareness and task performance (Botvinick et al, 2001;Shipstead et al, 2010;García-Blanco et al, 2010;Kim & Lee, 2022).…”

“…Two additional characteristics of VR seem particularly relevant for attention assessments. It has the potential to better capture and sustain users' attention due to the immersive nature of the technology and it provides a high degree of experimental control through the option to test in identical experimental environments (Olk et al, 2018;Parsons & Barret 2018;Kim & Lee, 2022;Rocabado & Duñabeitia, 2022).…”

“…A secondary goal was to assess the quality of the VR experience via the Quality of Experience Test (QoE) (Brunnström et al, 2020). This can be particularly relevant in training and assessment scenarios, where maintaining focus and engagement is crucial to performance (Parsons et al, 2007;Kim & Lee, 2022). The QoE is a self-assessment tool that evaluates often overlooked aspects of VR headset use such as task completion, user experience, picture quality, responsiveness, comfort, and immersion (Brunnström et al, 2020).…”