The Effect of Fertilization and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Yield Variables and Essential Oil Characteristics of Salvia officinalis L. Growing in the Greenhouse and at the Field

Abstract

Common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is one of the most valuable commercial medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP). It has served different treatments historically in folk medicine and has always been popular to use. This research was conducted to observe the effect of mycorrhiza infection and fertilization to the biomass and quality characteristics on common sage. The optimum N, P, K dosses and their combinations (NP, NK, PK, NPK) were applied to both +M (mycorrhiza infected) and -M (non mycorrhiza infected) plants. The research was carried out both in the greenhouse and the plants were transferred to the field. The field trial was established in randomized block design with tree replication at ALC, UMass and three harvests were recorded at the growing season in 2014. Yield parameters showed significance between -M and +M applications. The essential oil contents were extracted by vapor distillation, and the major components of the essential oils were determined as camphor, α-thujon, ß-thujon, α-humulene, viridiflorol and eucalyptol (1.8 cineole) by GC-Ms. The highest camphor was received from P (-M) and PK (+M) fertilization with 31.64% and 33.54%. And the highest α-thujon was recorded at PK (-M) and NK (+M) combinations with 27.51% and 34.24%, respectively.

Growth responses and essential oil profile of Salvia officinalis L. Influenced by water deficit and various nutrient sources in the greenhouse

“…α-Thujone was a dominant compound followed by camphor, 1.8-cineole, and β-thujone. Previous studies have reported similar results on S. officinalis ( Bettaieb et al, 2009 , Rioba et al, 2015 , Govahi et al, 2015 , Bahtiyarca Bagdat et al, 2017 , Sonmez and Bayram, 2017 ). Some reports explained the interpret of the irrigation restriction’s effects on the EO changes as difficult and have stated that there is no accurate information on the effects of irrigation stress on the EO components ( Azizi et al, 2009 , Bettaieb et al, 2009 , Sonmez and Bayram, 2017 ).…”

“…Moreover, the hydrogel provides part of the water required by the plant under drought stress and facilitates the uptake of nutrients by plants. Numerous studies have reported the positive effect of decreasing irrigation intervals, NPK, foliar fertilizers, farmyard manure, and hydrogel application on plant height ( Khalid, 2012 , Gerami et al, 2016 , Bahtiyarca Bagdat et al, 2017 , Govahi et al, 2015 , Ljubojevi et al, 2017 ). The results of the present study suggest that the various irrigation regimes and fertilization increase plant growth by regulating plant water status and nutrient balance.…”

“…But in recent years, due to the economic values of Salvia species, it has attracted the interest of producers. The leaves of this species are used as a raw material in the medicine, pharmaceutical, food, and perfume industry ( Bruneton, 2001 , Bahtiyarca Bagdat et al, 2017 ). Among the various species of Salvia that are relatively drought-tolerant, S. officinalis is sensitive to water deficiency ( Munne Bosch et al, 2001 ).…”

Foliar application of various biostimulants produces contrasting response on yield, essential oil and chemical properties of organically grown sage (Salvia officinalis L.)

“…(2017) (1.0%-1.2%), Govahi et al. (2015) (0.8%-2.1%), Bagdat et al. (2017) (1.2%-1.6%), Es-sbihi et al.…”