The effect of fertilizer nitrogen rate, white clover variety and closeness of cutting on herbage productivity from perennial ryegrass/white clover swards

Frame, J.; Boyd, A. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1987.tb02094.x

Cited by 44 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Les vaches du lot M-N ont donc adapté la hauteur de pâturage afin de maintenir une ingestion d'herbe suffisante. La diminution de la proportion de trèfle dans des prairies recevant de la fertilisation azotée est couramment décrite dans la littérature [19] et est attribuée à une meilleure utilisation de l'azote minéral par les graminées, avec pour conséquence une plus forte compétition pour la lumière entre graminées et légumineuses [17,25].…”

Section: Caractéristiques Phytotechniquesunclassified

Incidences phytotechniques et zootechniques d'une réduction ou d'une suppression de la fertilisation azotée sur des prairies pâturées par des vaches laitières

et al. 2001

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-Phytotechnical and zootechnical effects of a nitrogen fertilizer reduction or suppression on pasture grazed by dairy cows. Three levels of intensification were compared for a permanent pasture grazed over 6 consecutive years in a rotational grazing system. The three levels of intensification were as follow: a high nitrogen fertilizer input system with 136 kg N . ha -1 and with 3.35 cows . ha -1 -H-N group -, a system with a moderate fertilizer input in which nitrogen fertilization was reduced by 33% but with the same stocking rate -M-N group -with 91 kg N . ha -1 along with 3.35 cows . ha -1 and a system with no fertilization associated with a reduced stocking rate -0-N group -with 2.51 cows . ha -1 . There were no effects of the treatments on grass characteristics -e.g. post grazing height, percentage of refusals, total nitrogen content, fiber content. The absence of nitrogen fertilization reduced the pre-grazing height and DM yield of the pasture. The clover content was reduced in the first and sixth years in nitrogen fertilized groups. The individual milk yield was not affected by the treatments (15.4 kg . d -1 ) but the milk yield per hectare was largely affected by the stocking rate. The protein content and cell count were unaffected by the treatments but butter fat content was higher in the 0-N group than in the other two groups (4.10 vs. 3.90%; P < 0.05). The average daily liveweight gain was not affected by the treatments (0.23 kg . d -1 ). The plasma and milk urea contents were significantly higher in fertilized groups than in 0-N group (164 vs. 151 mg N . l -1 in plasma and 194 vs. 175 mg N . l -1 in milk respectively; P < 0.05). Daily nitrogen excretion per animal was similar for both treatments but when expressed per ha and year, the excretion was higher in the fertilized groups. Thus, it has appeared that a 33% reduction of nitrogen fertilization with a similar stocking rate allowed to maintain performances either on an individual animal or a per hectare basis. Grazing management with no nitrogen fertilization but with an adjusted stocking rate induced a reduction in performances expressed per hectare but maintained similar individual performances as with high input systems. Furthermore, there were both a higher nitrogen efficiency and a reduction in nitrogen excretion per hectare. dairy cows / nitrogen fertilization / grazing / milk yield / nitrogen balance F. Dieguez et al. 300

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Section: Caractéristiques Phytotechniquesunclassified

Incidences phytotechniques et zootechniques d'une réduction ou d'une suppression de la fertilisation azotée sur des prairies pâturées par des vaches laitières

et al. 2001

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“…The range in these estimates resulted from differences between years and between sites. In Scotland, Frame & Boyd (1987) found that 360 kg N/ha per year resulted in almost complete loss of white clover from mixed pastures within 2-3 years and they concluded that repetitive N fertiliser use was incompatible with white clover persistence and production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity of white clover cultivars under intensive grazing, as affected by high nitrogen fertiliser application

Ledgard

Sprosen

Steele³

et al. 1995

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Nine cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were grown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and their productivity was determined over 3 years under nitrogen (N) fertiliser regimes of 0 or 390 kg N/ha per year. The site was grazed by sheep at 3-or 6-week intervals and after each grazing N fertiliser was applied at 0 or 30 kg N/ha. Fertiliser N application increased total annual pasture production by 25-31%, with the largest proportional responses occurring in autumn and winter. White clover production decreased as a result of N application by 8, 17, and 30% in Years 1, 2, and 3 respectively. During the first 2 years this reduction in clover growth occurred only in spring, and in Year 3 it was also most marked in spring. There was no significant cultivar × N interaction for clover or total pasture production on an annual or seasonal basis. Thus, differences A95023 Received 7 April 1995; accepted 25 October 1995between cultivars in relative clover production were similar in the absence or presence of N fertiliser application. Clover cultivars varied greatly in productivity, and in the nil N treatment there was a positive correlation between clover production and total pasture production in Years 1 and 2, when clover content of pastures averaged 45 and 28% respectively. In all years, Aran and Kopu were higher yielding than all other cultivars. During winter, Kopu was 2-5 fold more productive than other cultivars. In all other seasons, Aran and Kopu were the most productive. There was a highly significant negative correlation between clover production and grass production in both N treatments and in all years. Thus, the more competitive erect-growing, large-leaved cultivars of Aran and Kopu maintained a lower associated grass component in their swards.

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“…Severalstudiesundermowingandsheepgrazing have shown greater production from large-leaved cloversin swardswithryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (Widdup &Turner1983;vandenBoschet al 1986;Frame & Boyd 1987). Few studieshave examined thesecloversfordifferences innitrogen(N) fixation and for effects on grass growth and N uptake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of clover cultivar on production and nitrogen fixation in clover-ryegrass swards under dairy cow grazing

Ledgard

Brier

Upsdel

1990

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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'Grasslands Huia', 'GrasslandsPitau', 'GrasslandsKopu', Aranandresidentwhiteclovers and 'GmsslandsPawem' red cloverweresownwith perennial ryegrass and examined for production (over 3 years) and nitrogen (N) fixation (over 2 years) under dairy cow grazing. Total sward production was similarfor all treatments, although grass-only plotswere 11and20%loweryieldingin Years 1 and 2 respectively. Pawem produced the mostcloverin Year I, but the leastin Years2 and3. In Years 1 and 2, the best-producing white clover cultivars wereAran,Kopu,andPitau,butby Year3, Aranwas20%higheryielding than all othercultivars. Inallyears, Kopushowedsuperior winterproduction, whereasAran washighest-producing during autumn. The resident clover was slow establishing from buried seed but by 6 months its production was similar to that for Huia. Measurements of plant composition showedthattherewasanincreaseinthe numberofresidentcloverplantsfromburiedseedin all plotsover time.N fixation by Aran,Kopu,Pitau, and residentcloversaveraged108and 280 kg N/ha per yearin Years 1and 2 respectively. Corresponding valuesforHuiawere82and 224kgN/haper year respectively. In Year 2, Aran produced 15% more dry matter(OM) thantheresidentcloverwhichwas offset by a lower total N concentration (by 14%) resulting in similaramounts offixedatmospheric N. The proportion of cloverN fixed (estimated by lSN isotopedilution) wassimilarforall cultivars,except in summer and autumn whenit tendedto behighest A89088

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The effect of fertilizer nitrogen rate, white clover variety and closeness of cutting on herbage productivity from perennial ryegrass/white clover swards

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Incidences phytotechniques et zootechniques d'une réduction ou d'une suppression de la fertilisation azotée sur des prairies pâturées par des vaches laitières

Incidences phytotechniques et zootechniques d'une réduction ou d'une suppression de la fertilisation azotée sur des prairies pâturées par des vaches laitières

Productivity of white clover cultivars under intensive grazing, as affected by high nitrogen fertiliser application

Effect of clover cultivar on production and nitrogen fixation in clover-ryegrass swards under dairy cow grazing

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