The effect of filler dispersity of the melt viscosity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Guzeyev, V.V.; Rafikov, M.N.; Malinskii, Yu.M.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(75)90263-4

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Earlier works can be traced back to the work of Malinskii and coworkers in the 1970s, where an anomalous reduction of the PVC melt viscosity caused by the addition of NPs was reported 16 , it was attributed to the creation of additional free volume at the polymer/NP boundary surface region 16,17 . However, it reverted to a viscosity increase with a further increase in NP loading ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unexpected N-dependence in the viscosity reduction in all-polymer nanocomposite

et al. 2019

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Adding small nanoparticles (NPs) into polymer melt can lead to a non-Einstein-like decrease in viscosity. However, the underlying mechanism remains a long-standing unsolved puzzle. Here, for an all-polymer nanocomposite formed by linear polystyrene (PS) chains and PS single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs), we perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and experimental rheology measurements. We show that with a fixed (small) loading of the SCNP, viscosity reduction (VR) effect can be largely amplified with an increase in matrix chain length , and that the system with longer polymer chains will have a larger VR. We demonstrate that such -dependent VR can be attributed to the friction reduction experienced by polymer segment blobs which have similar size and interact directly with these SCNPs. A theoretical model is proposed based on the tube model. We demonstrate that it can well describe the friction reduction experienced by melt polymers and the VR effect in these composite systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unexpected N-dependence in the viscosity reduction in all-polymer nanocomposite

et al. 2019

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“…This is in stark contrast to expectations based on the Einstein–Batchelor 9 10 law for spherical particle suspensions, wherein addition of particles to a fluid always increases the viscosity of the fluid. In their seminal 1975 study, Malinskii and co-workers 11 12 reported that addition of small amounts of unfunctionalized particulate fillers to high molar mass polymers produce an unexpected decrease in viscosity, followed by an increase at higher filler contents. These findings have since been extended to a variety of PNCs on the basis of unfunctionalized as well as polymer-functionalized NPs, including polystyrene 13 , magnetite 14 and fullerene 14 15 nanoparticles in polystyrene hosts, silsesquioxane–polymer composites 16 17 18 , and tethered silica–polymer composites 19 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is understood that achieving good dispersion of particles in their host polymer is difficult, but a requirement for meaningful studies of PNCs. Malinskii and co-workers 11 12 used a rapid quenching procedure, wherein particle/polymer solutions in a volatile co-solvent were quickly frozen, followed by lyophillization to remove the solvent. This approach is designed to trap the particles in the configurations they adopt in dilute solution, but is also known to produce large density variations and aging phenomena in the PNCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Notwithstanding these challenges, multiple physical processes have been argued to contribute to the observed viscosity reductions. It has been proposed that NPs enhance the available free volume for polymer chains 11 12 or act akin to molecular plasticizers and speed-up relaxation of the entangled host polymer 15 17 19 . Other lines of work suggest that NPs diffuse faster in high molar mass, entangled polymers and thereby lower the lifetime of entanglements in a manner analogous to constraint release 14 26 produced by a lower molecular weight polymer in a polydisperse melt.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phase stability and dynamics of entangled polymer–nanoparticle composites

2015

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Nanoparticle–polymer composites, or polymer–nanoparticle composites (PNCs), exhibit unusual mechanical and dynamical features when the particle size approaches the random coil dimensions of the host polymer. Here, we harness favourable enthalpic interactions between particle-tethered and free, host polymer chains to create model PNCs, in which spherical nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in high molecular weight entangled polymers. Investigation of the mechanical properties of these model PNCs reveals that the nanoparticles have profound effects on the host polymer motions on all timescales. On short timescales, nanoparticles slow-down local dynamics of the host polymer segments and lower the glass transition temperature. On intermediate timescales, where polymer chain motion is typically constrained by entanglements with surrounding molecules, nanoparticles provide additional constraints, which lead to an early onset of entangled polymer dynamics. Finally, on long timescales, nanoparticles produce an apparent speeding up of relaxation of their polymer host.

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“…Studies [ 13 ] indicate that dispersing a small amount of nanofiller into the polymer matrix can cause a decrease in the polymer viscosity, to varying degrees. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in numerous PNCs [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], such as polystyrene (PS)/PS nanoparticles [ 17 ], polypropylene/nano-silica [ 19 ], and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationalizing the Dependence of Poly (Vinylidene Difluoride) (PVDF) Rheological Performance on the Nano-Silica

et al. 2023

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Research on the rheological performance and mechanism of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), mainly focuses on non-polar polymer matrices, but rarely on strongly polar ones. To fill this gap, this paper explores the influence of nanofillers on the rheological properties of poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF). The effects of particle diameter and content on the microstructure, rheology, crystallization, and mechanical properties of PVDF/SiO2 were analyzed, by TEM, DLS, DMA, and DSC. The results show that nanoparticles can greatly reduce the entanglement degree and viscosity of PVDF (up to 76%), without affecting the hydrogen bonds of the matrix, which can be explained by selective adsorption theory. Moreover, uniformly dispersed nanoparticles can promote the crystallization and mechanical properties of PVDF. In summary, the viscosity regulation mechanism of nanoparticles for non-polar polymers, is also applicable to PVDF, with strong polarity, which is of great value for exploring the rheological behavior of PNCs and guiding the process of polymers.

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The effect of filler dispersity of the melt viscosity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

An unexpected N-dependence in the viscosity reduction in all-polymer nanocomposite

An unexpected N-dependence in the viscosity reduction in all-polymer nanocomposite

Phase stability and dynamics of entangled polymer–nanoparticle composites

Rationalizing the Dependence of Poly (Vinylidene Difluoride) (PVDF) Rheological Performance on the Nano-Silica

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