The effect of five proteins on stem cells used for osteoblast differentiation and proliferation: a current review of the literature

Abstract

Bone-tissue engineering is a therapeutic target in the field of dental implant and orthopedic surgery. It is therefore essential to find a microenvironment that enhances the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts both from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and those derived from dental pulp. The aim of this review is to determine the relationship among the proteins fibronectin (FN), osteopontin (OPN), tenascin (TN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) and their ability to coat different types of biomaterials and surfaces to enhance osteoblast differentiation. Pre-treatment of biomaterials with FN during the initial phase of osteogenic differentiation on all types of surfaces, including slotted titanium and polymers, provides an ideal microenvironment that enhances adhesion, morphology, and proliferation of pluripotent and multipotent cells. Likewise, in the second stage of differentiation, surface coating with BMP2 decreases the diameter and the pore size of the scaffold, causing better adhesion and reduced proliferation of BMP-MSCs. Coating oligomerization surfaces with OPN and BSP promotes cell adhesion, but it is clear that the polymeric coating material BSP alone is insufficient to induce priming of MSCs and functional osteoblastic differentiation in vivo. Finally, TN is involved in mineralization and can accelerate new bone formation in a multicellular environment but has no effect on the initial stage of osteogenesis.

Functionalization of Polycaprolactone Scaffolds with Hyaluronic Acid and β-TCP Facilitates Migration and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem CellsIn Vitro

“…35 Most notable was the high expression by cells cultured on the NSP-PCL scaffold on day 1 suggesting an early commencement of osteogenic differentiation, which is supported by the presented ALP results. This early initiation of differentiation does not result in increased Ca 2 + deposition, which might be caused by the lack of components in the proliferation medium to ascertain and sustain this early osteogenic response.…”

Effects of Polypropylene Carbonate/Poly(d,l-lactic) Acid/Tricalcium Phosphate Elastic Composites on Improving Osteoblast Maturation

“…Additionally, OPN can mediate the proliferation of hemopoietic SCs and can serve as a bridge between bone and blood 17. Previous studies also showed that upregulation of OPN was directly correlated to osteoblast differentiation 4,40. As a result, OPN plays a decisive role in mediating PPTE composite-induced adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization of mouse osteoblasts.…”

“…35,40 Osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with a highly negative charge, is reported to be an early biomarker that controls osteoblast activity and bone ECM mineralization. 4,40 Functionally, OPN works as a multipurpose protein to regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Chatakun et al 4 reported that when coated with OPN, oligomerization surfaces attract adhesion of mesenchymal SCs.…”

“…OPN has multiple roles in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Chatakun et al4 stated that oligomerization surfaces coated with OPN enhanced adhesion of mesenchymal SCs. Additionally, OPN can mediate the proliferation of hemopoietic SCs and can serve as a bridge between bone and blood 17.…”

Integrating Mechanical and Biological Control of Cell Proliferation Through Bioinspired Multieffector Materials

“…Interestingly, FN effects differ depending on the type of coated material, probably due to conformational changes induced upon adsorption. In fact, the adhesion properties of OPN and BSP are enhanced when coated in their oligomerized forms (105) .…”