The Effect of Fluctuations in Photoperiod and Ambient Temperature on the Timing of Flowering: Time to Move on Natural Environmental Conditions

Song, Young Hun

doi:10.14348/molcells.2016.0237

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Dawson (2015), and that light acts directly, in the case of birds, through encephalic photoreceptors (Foster and Follett, 1985;Garcia-Fernandez et al, 2015). However, it is well known in plants that temperature can modulate photoperiodic molecular mechanisms to regulate the timing of flowering (Andres and Coupland, 2012;Song, 2016). Furthermore, the present study led to a subsequent study in which starlings were maintained on ultra-short photoperiods, and gonadal responses related to the daily cycle in Tb much more closely than to photoperiod.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Both Low Temperature and Shorter Duration of Food Availability Delay Testicular Regression and Affect the Daily Cycle in Body Temperature in a Songbird

Dawson

2018

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Photoperiodic control of reproduction in birds is based on two processes, a positive effect leading to gonadal maturation and an inhibitory effect subsequently inducing regression. Nonphotoperiodic cues can modulate photoperiodic control, particularly the inhibitory process. In previous studies of common starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), (1) restriction of food availability to 8 h after dawn had little effect on testicular maturation but dramatically delayed subsequent regression and (2) lower ambient temperature also had little effect during maturation but delayed regression. Could the effects of food restriction and temperature share a common underlying mechanism? Four groups of starlings were kept on a simulated natural cycle in photoperiod in a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design. Two groups were held under an ambient temperature of 16°C, and the other two were held under 6°C. One of each of these groups had food provided ad lib., and in the other two groups access to food was denied 7 h after dawn. In both the ad lib. food groups and the food-restricted groups, lower temperature had little effect on testicular maturation but delayed subsequent regression and molt. In both the 16°C groups and the 6°C groups, food restriction had no effect on testicular maturation but delayed regression and molt. The daily cycle in body temperature was recorded in all groups when the photoperiod had reached 12L∶12D, the photoperiod at which regression is initiated. In both 6°C groups, nighttime body temperature was lower than in the 16°C groups, a characteristic of shorter photoperiods. In the two ad lib. food groups high daytime temperature was maintained until dusk, whereas in the two food-restricted groups body temperature began to decrease after food withdrawal. Thus, both lower temperature and food restriction delayed regression, as if the photoperiod was shorter than it actually was, and both resulted in daily cycles in body temperature that reflected cycles under shorter photoperiods. This implies that the daily cycle in body temperature is possibly a common pathway through which nonphotoperiodic cues may operate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Both Low Temperature and Shorter Duration of Food Availability Delay Testicular Regression and Affect the Daily Cycle in Body Temperature in a Songbird

Dawson

2018

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…CO is a key integrator in the photoperiod pathway of Arabidopsis (Song, 2016). The expression of CO is upregulated in late afternoon under long-day conditions by the degradation of CYCLING DOF FACTOR family members, which function as repressors of CO transcription, by the FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (FKF1)-GI complex, and the accumulated CO protein is stabilized by GI, FKF1, and PHYA to induce FT expression (Song, 2016). CO is also involved in the thermal regulation of flowering, particularly in response to high temperatures.…”

Section: Col2b Is a Candidate For Flowering Repression By Cool Tempermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reduction in ambient temperature from 22 to 16 • C delays flowering in Arabidopsis (Strasser et al, 2009). This process involves a number of molecular mechanisms: (1) the occupation of histone H2A variant H2A.Z nucleosomes on the FT locus to inhibit the binding of the PIF4 transcription factor to the promoter, (2) destabilization of the CO protein by HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and (3) repression of floral integrators (FT, TWINSISTER OF FT, and SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS OVEREXPRESSION 1) by repressor complexes of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE with functional transcripts of FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM-β) and MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 2 (MAF2ver1) (Ratcliffe et al, 2003;Strasser et al, 2009;Jung et al, 2012;Gu et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2013;Posé et al, 2013;McClung et al, 2016;Song, 2016). The evening complex, which consists of ELF3, ELF4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX), represses its direct targets, PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7), GI, and LUX, and delays flowering under cool temperatures (Mizuno et al, 2014).…”

Section: Col2b Is a Candidate For Flowering Repression By Cool Tempermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Soybean Deletion Mutant That Moderates the Repression of Flowering by Cool Temperatures

Zhang

Dwiyanti

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Ambient growing temperature and photoperiod are major environmental stimuli that summer annual crops use to adjust their reproductive phenology so as to maximize yield. Variation in flowering time among soybean (Glycine max) cultivars results mainly from allelic diversity at loci that control photoperiod sensitivity and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) orthologs. However, variation in the thermal regulation of flowering and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel mutant (ef1) that confers altered thermal regulation of flowering in response to cool ambient temperatures. Mapping analysis with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located the mutation in the upper part of chromosome 19, where no QTL for flowering has been previously reported. Fine-mapping and re-sequencing revealed that the mutation was caused by deletion of a 214 kbp genomic region that contains 11 annotated genes, including CONSTANS-LIKE 2b (COL2b), a soybean ortholog of Arabidopsis CONSTANS. Comparison of flowering times under different photo-thermal conditions revealed that early flowering in the mutant lines was most distinct under cool ambient temperatures. The expression of two FT orthologs, FT2a and FT5a, was dramatically downregulated by cool temperature, but the magnitude of the downregulation was lower in the mutant lines. Cool temperatures upregulated COL2b expression or delayed peak expression, particularly at the fourth trifoliate-leaf stage. Intriguingly, they also upregulated E1, a soybean-specific repressor of FT orthologs. Our results suggest that the ef1 mutation is involved in thermal regulation of flowering in response to cool ambient temperature, and the lack of COL2b in the mutant likely alleviates the repression of flowering by cool temperature. The ef1 mutant can be used as a novel gene resource in breeding soybean cultivars adapted to cool climate and in research to improve our understanding of thermal regulation of flowering in soybean.

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“…CO is the main floral promoter in Arabidopsis under long-day conditions [27]. Although many proteins that form heterodimer complexes with CO have been identified [8-10, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28-30], the molecular mechanisms by which the transcriptional activity of CO regulates day length-dependent flowering still remain to be understood.…”

Section: Isolation Of Fhth1 As a Co-interacting Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many plants in temperate regions have adapted the timing of their reproductive transition to the most favorable season of the year based on day length [27,34]. In Arabidopsis thaliana, CO functions as the floral promoter by activating the expression of the florigen in response to inductive day length conditions [35].…”

Section: Fhth1 Is Involved In the Regulation Of Floweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLOWERING HTH1 is involved in CONSTANS-mediated flowering regulation in Arabidopsis

et al. 2019

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Flowering at the right time is essential for maximum reproductive fitness. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the CONSTANS (CO) protein facilitates the transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase under long-day conditions. The formation of heterodimeric complexes between CO and DNA binding domain-containing transcription factors is important for the induction of day length-dependent flowering. Here, we report a myb-like helix turn helix (HTH) transcriptional regulator family protein as a new modulator of floral transition, which we have named FLOWERING HTH1 (FHTH1). We isolated FHTH1 as a CO-interacting protein by a yeast two-hybrid screen using an Arabidopsis transcription factor library. Our analysis showed that FHTH1 presented in the nucleus and the FHTH1-CO complex was formed in the same subcellular location. We also observed the expression of a FHTH1:GUS construct in the leaf vasculature, where CO exists. Transgenic plants overexpressing FHTH1 fused with the plant-specific repression domain SRDX showed a delayed flowering phenotype in long days, resembling the phenotype of the co mutant. Our results suggest that FHTH1 may contribute to CO-mediated photoperiodic flowering regulation.

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The Effect of Fluctuations in Photoperiod and Ambient Temperature on the Timing of Flowering: Time to Move on Natural Environmental Conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Both Low Temperature and Shorter Duration of Food Availability Delay Testicular Regression and Affect the Daily Cycle in Body Temperature in a Songbird

Both Low Temperature and Shorter Duration of Food Availability Delay Testicular Regression and Affect the Daily Cycle in Body Temperature in a Songbird

A Soybean Deletion Mutant That Moderates the Repression of Flowering by Cool Temperatures

FLOWERING HTH1 is involved in CONSTANS-mediated flowering regulation in Arabidopsis

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