The effect of food deprivation on brain and gastrointestinal tissue levels of tryptophan, serotonin, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and melatonin

Bubenik, George A.; Ball, Ronald O.; Pang, Shijin

doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.1992.tb00020.x

Cited by 81 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Whereas average daytime plasma levels in pregnant sheep were 20-25 pg/ml, plasma levels in fetal lambs were almost twice as high, around 40 pg/ml (Yellon and Longo 1987). In addition our experiment confirmed that generally, daytime melatonin levels are higher in the GIT than corresponding values in plasma (Bubenik et al 1992;Huether 1994;Bubenik and Brown 1997;Herichová et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Similarly to its function in the postnatal period, melatonin may be involved in the early peristalsis of the fetal gut by modulating the intestinal tonus (Bubenik 1986;Bubenik et al 1992). The significantly higher melatonin concentrations found in the colon may be physiologically important as this part of the GIT was the segment which contained most of the fetal feces, the meconium which moves slowly throughout the fetal GIT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin Concentrations in the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fetal Bovids

Bubenik¹,

Brown²,

Hacker³

et al. 2000

Acta Vet. Brno

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Day-time tissue levels of melatonin were determined in the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, jejunum, ileum and colon of cow fetuses of both sexes. The total body length of the fetuses was 14 to 53 cm which corresponds to the first half of pregnancy; the approximate gestation age was 85-150 days. The data were divided into five equal groups according to fetal length. Average total melatonin concentrations (34.0 to 49.8 pg/g) did not differ greatly between the developmental stages but nevertheless a positive correlation (r s = 0.35, P < 0.001) was established between melatonin levels and fetal length. Significantly higher concentrations of melatonin (P < 0.001) were found in the male GIT. Finally, colon tissues exhibited higher concentrations of melatonin than any other GIT segment. As the average day-time values in fetal GIT (30.2 pg/g) were substantially lower than GIT levels found in adult cows (50-270 pg/g), it could be hypothesized that melatonin levels in the fetal GIT are derived from the maternal circulation. However, higher melatonin levels in older fetuses, the detection of higher levels in males and substantially higher levels of melatonin in the fetal GIT as compared to blood levels in adult cows, may indicate either an independent fetal production of GIT melatonin or the capacity of fetal GIT to concentrate melatonin derived from the maternal circulation. In view of these discrepancies it can be only concluded that the origin of melatonin in the bovine fetal GIT is at present unknown. The significantly higher concentration of melatonin found in the colon (P < 0.05) may be related to the presence of meconium detected in most fetuses in that GIT segment. This finding may indicate that melatonin has a physiological function in the fetal digestive system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin Concentrations in the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fetal Bovids

Bubenik¹,

Brown²,

Hacker³

et al. 2000

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…The only well-established means of lengthening the lifespan of animals is caloric restriction, and notably, short-term caloric restriction increases melatonin levels in brain and gut (Bubenik et al, 1992). Moreover, dietary supplementation with melatonin increases the lifespan of mice (Peirpaoli et al, 1994;Anisimov et al, 2000) and rats (Oaknin-Bendahan et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of melatonin and age on gene expression in mouse CNS using microarray analysis

Sharman

Bondy

Sharman

et al. 2007

Neurochemistry International

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The expression levels of a number of genes associated with inflammation and immune function change with advancing age. Melatonin modulates gene expression levels of several of these genes. Therefore the declining levels of melatonin associated with age may play a role in the physiological effects of aging. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to measure age-related changes in mRNA expression in the murine CNS, and to study the effect of prolonged administration of dietary melatonin upon these changes. CB6F1 male mice were fed 40ppm melatonin for 2.1 months prior to sacrifice at age 26.5 months, and compared with both age-matched controls and young, 4.5-monthold untreated controls. Total RNA was extracted from whole brain (excluding cerebellum and brain stem) and individual samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse 430-2.0 arrays. The expression of a substantial number of genes was modulated by melatonin treatment and changes in selected genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A subset of these genes did not change with age. Conversely, some genes modulated by age were also modulated by melatonin treatment. In general melatonin treatment drove the expression levels of these genes closer to the expression levels detected in the younger animals. Notably, the abundance of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) mRNA increased with age and was decreased in old animals treated with melatonin. Lcn2 is a member of the acute phase response family of proteins and its mRNA levels in the brain increase in response to inflammation. Many of the genes with expression reduced by melatonin are involved in inflammation and the immune system. This suggests that melatonin treatment may influence the inflammatory responses of old animals, driving them to resemble more closely those occurring in young animals.

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“…Immunohistologically, Bubenik et al (1977) found highest levels in the colon and the rectum with intermediate levels in the stomach of the rat. However, by radioimmunoassay, melatonin levels were highest in the stomachs and the colon of rats (Bubenik et al 1992;Bubenik and Pang 1994). These higher melatonin levels found in the stomach may be an indication of specific receptors in the stomach for melatonin uptake (Bubenik et al 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, pigs supplemented with melatonin had better CP (P < 0.04) and DM (P < 0.08) digestibility than pigs not supplemented with melatonin (Table 2). Melatonin may play a role in gastrointestinal motility (Bubenik et al 1992;Bubenik and Pang 1994). Bubenik and Pang (1994) suggested that during periods of stress, serotonin will be present in excessive amounts and may affect the function of the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feed particle size and dietary melatonin supplementation on gastric ulcers in swine

Ayles¹,

Friendship²,

Bubenik³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. Effect of feed particle size and dietary melatonin supplementation on gastric ulcers in swine. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 179-185. Gastric ulcers may be an underrecognized problem in the swine industry. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation and particle size on prevalence and severity of ulcers in growing pigs. Sixty-four Yorkshire barrows and gilts (29.5 ± 1.0 kg) received either a finely ground (763 ± 2.18 µm) or a coarsely ground (953 ± 2.29 µm) corn-wheat diet, either with or without added melatonin (5 mg kg -1 ). One half of the pigs underwent endoscopic examination to assess the severity of ulcers on days 4 and 25. Growth performance and feed consumption were monitored throughout the experiment. All pigs were slaughtered on day 28, and ulcers were assessed postmortem. Endoscopy at the beginning of the experiment found that 53% of the pigs already had some degree of ulceration. Pigs fed the fine diet had greater average daily gain and average daily feed intake than pigs fed the coarse diet (P < 0.05), but particle size did not significantly affect prevalence of stomach ulcers. Melatonin supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (P < 0.04) and dry matter (P < 0.08) of the diets and decreased the prevalence of ulcers (P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect growth performance. Pigs that received melatonin had higher levels of melatonin (P < 0.01) in most gastrointestinal tissues, with highest concentrations found in the stomach (P < 0.001). Pigs that did not have ulcers had a higher concentration of melatonin in the plasma and stomach than pigs with ulcers (P < 0.05). Melatonin may be useful in decreasing ulcers. Initial ulcer condition may be a significant source of variation in growth experiments.Key words: Pigs, gastric ulcers, particle size, melatonin, gastrointestinal tract Ayles, H. L., Friendship, R. M., Bubenik, G. A. et Ball, R. O. 1999. Effet de la granulométrie des particules alimentaires et d'un complément de mélatonine sur l'apparition des ulcères gastriques chez les porcs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 179-185. Les ulcères gastriques pourraient bien être un problème trop peu connu dans le secteur porcin. Nous avons réalisé une expérience pour évaluer les effets d'un complément de mélatonine dans l'alimentation et du calibre des particules alimentaires sur la fréquence et sur la gravité des ulcères chez les porcs en croissance. Soixante-quatre porcs Yorkshire, castrats et cochettes, d'un poids moyen de 29,5 kg (± 1,0 kg) ont reçu un aliment maïs-blé, moulu fin (763 ± 2,18 µm) ou gros (953 ± 2,29 µm) et complété ou non de mélatonine à la dose de 5 mg kg -1 . La moitié des animaux subissaient un examen endoscopique pour évaluer la gravité des ulcères au jour 4 et au jour 25 de l'expérience. Les performances de croissance et la consommation alimentaire étaient surveillées en permanence. Tous les porcs étaient abattus au jour 28, après quoi on évaluait la gravité des ulcères. L'endoscopie faite au début de l'expérience a révélé ...

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The effect of food deprivation on brain and gastrointestinal tissue levels of tryptophan, serotonin, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and melatonin

Cited by 81 publications

References 51 publications

Melatonin Concentrations in the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fetal Bovids

Melatonin Concentrations in the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fetal Bovids

Effects of melatonin and age on gene expression in mouse CNS using microarray analysis

Effect of feed particle size and dietary melatonin supplementation on gastric ulcers in swine

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