The Effect of Forage-to-Concentrate Ratio on Schizochytrium spp.-Supplemented Goats: Modifying Rumen Microbiota

Abstract

The inclusion of feed additives and the implementation of various nutritional strategies are studied to modify the rumen microbiome and consequently its function. Nevertheless, rumen enzymatic activity and its intermediate products are not always matched with the microbiome structure. To further elucidate such differences a two-phase trial using twenty-two dairy goats was carried out. During the first phase, both groups (20HF n = 11; high forage and 20HG n = 11; high grain) were supplemented with 20 g Schizochytrium spp./goat/day. The 20HF group consumed a diet with a forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio of 60:40 and the 20HG-diet consisted of a F:C = 40:60. In the second phase, the supplementation level of Schizochytrium spp. was increased to 40 g/day/goat while the F:C ratio between the two groups were remained identical (40HF n = 11; high forage and 40HG n = 11; high grain). By utilizing a next-generation sequencing technology, we monitored that the high microalgae inclusion level and foremost in combination with a high grains diet increased the unmapped bacteria within the rumen. Bacteroidetes and Prevotella brevis were increased in the 40HG -fed goats as observed by using a qPCR platform. Additionally, methanogens and Methanomassiliicoccales were increased in high microalgae-fed goats, while Methanobrevibacter and Methanobacteriales were decreased. Fibrolytic bacteria were decreased in high microalgae-fed goats, while cellulolytic activity was increased. Ammonia was decreased in high grains-fed goats, while docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids showed a lower degradation rate in the rumen of high forage-fed goats. The alteration of the F:C ratio in goats supplemented with Schizochytrium spp. levels modified both ruminal microbiota and enzymatic activity. However, there was no significant consistency in the relations between them.

Effects of capsicum oleoresin supplementation on rumen fermentation and microbial abundance under different temperature and dietary conditions in vitro

“…The proper achievement of rumen function would depend on temperature and diet composition and affects the ruminants’ health and productivity ( Mavrommatis et al, 2021b ; Phesatcha et al, 2021 ; Soltan et al, 2021 ). CAP has been extensively studied as a feed additive for ruminants in vivo ( Oh et al, 2015 ; Castillo-Lopez et al, 2021 ) and in vitro ( Busquet et al, 2006 ); however, little attention has been paid to its effect on rumen fermentation when the rumen is subjected to physiological stress.…”

“…Fluctuations in ruminal temperature significantly affect rumen microbial abundance and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production ( Uyeno et al, 2010 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). Similarly, diet is the other main factor affecting rumen fermentation variables which serves as the medium for the survival of rumen microorganisms ( Mavrommatis et al, 2021a ). The rumen is stressed more by using a high-concentrate diet, which is the common nutritional strategy under heat stress ( Nasrollahi et al, 2019 ).…”

Влияние Систем Кормления, Биологически Активных Веществ И Нетрадиционных Кормов На Переваримость И Физиологию Пищеварения У Коз (Обзор)

“…В качестве вероятного решения данной проблемы некоторыми авторами предлагается включать в состав рациона молочных коз 20 г Schizochytrium spp. в день, что способствует изменению ферментативной активности в рубце (Mavrommatis A et al, 2021).…”

Ruminal inocula with distinct fermentation profiles differentially affect the in vitro fermentation pattern of a commercial algal blend

“…To reduce this source of variation and error, the ruminal inocula used for in vitro studies should be representative of the in vivo microbiota composition and activity ( 7 , 8 ), and true replicates must be employed ( 9 ). Dietary composition and nutrient availability are the factors that most contribute to variation in rumen microbiota composition and activity ( 8 , 10 ). Accordingly, the diets of rumen inoculum donors should be similar to those used in in vitro feed evaluation systems ( 8 , 11 ).…”