The Effect of Forest Management on the Avifauna of a Brazilian Dry Forest

Abstract

The conversion of tropical habitats has dramatic implications on biodiversity and represents one of the greatest conservation challenges of our time. Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF), which are disjointly distributed throughout the Neotropics, are especially susceptible to human activities. The Caatinga Dry Forest, located in the semi-arid interior of northeastern Brazil, represents not only the largest and most biologically diverse nucleus of SDTF, but also the world’s most densely populated semi-arid region, with ever-growing pressure on its natural resources. To prevent illegal logging, conservation agencies looked at forest management, where an area is divided in smaller stands which are gradually logged and allowed to regrow for a period of time, when a new cutting cycle should reinitiate. The impacts of these management schemes on biodiversity, however, remain largely untested. We conducted standardized avian surveys to evaluate the effects of forest management on the avian community at a 1,670 ha privately owned property located on the Chapada do Araripe, northeastern Brazil. This area was divided in 22 forest stands, half of which had already been logged at the time of our sampling, creating a gradient of logged and natural forests and an 11-yr chrono-sequence of forest regeneration. Our results show that logged areas present fewer individuals, fewer species, and different avian assemblages than unlogged forests. Such differences are mostly driven by forest-dependent species, which were overwhelmingly affected by forest management. Our results show that although logged forests tend to recover its height after a decade, they do not recover the originally forest cover, measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Likewise, decade-long recovering stands continue to show lower species richness, lower bird abundance, and different avian composition than unlogged forests. We identified a set of bird species that are more affected by forest management (ecological losers) and a group of birds that apparently benefit from the referred changes in land use (ecological winners). We conclude that completely managing an entire area may cause the extirpation of several forest-dependent species. We therefore suggest keeping logged and unlogged plots intermingled, to avoid local extinctions and the complete modification of the original avifauna.

Estado da arte do conhecimento da avifauna da Caatinga

“…A distribuição de artigos publicados nas áreas do conhecimento está concentrada na Ecologia, especialmente em estudos de comunidades biológicas (Telino-Júnior, Lyra-Neves & Nascimento, 2005;Silveira & Machado, 2012;Silva et al, 2017;Ribeiro et al, 2021), interação planta-animal (Machado, 2009;Las-Casas, Azevedo Júnior & Dias Filho, 2012;Santos, 2019) e, na última década, com estudos a respeito da influência de variáveis ambientais nos padrões de distribuição, por meio de modelagem preditiva em programas estatísticos e de geoprocessamento (Correia et al, 2020;Silva, 2020;Gomides et al, 2021).…”

Effects of Deforestation on Foraging Behavior, Ectoparasites, and Adult Survival in the Vulnerable La Selle Thrush, Turdus swalesi, in Haiti

“…Of the 1227 bird species worldwide that are currently considered threatened with extinction, 79% occur in lowland and mountain tropical forests [1]. Deforestation, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, and diseases have been identified as major threats for Neotropical forest bird species [1][2][3], and recent evidence [4] further indicates that their decline can take place in relatively large and protected areas. Knowledge about the ecology, behavior, and key demographic parameters is therefore of crucial importance for their conservation [5][6][7].…”