The Effect of Frontal Plane Position on First Ray Motion: Forefoot Locking Mechanism

Perez, Hugo R.; Reber, Leon K.; Christensen, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.3113/fai.2008.0072

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous research found a more inverted medial forefoot during the stance phase of gait in subjects with CAI, which reflects a mechanically less stable position [23]. This mechanism was, however, not observed during our landing tasks in subjects with CAI.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Multi-segment foot landing kinematics in subjects with chronic ankle instability

Ridder

Willems

Vanrenterghem

et al. 2015

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background: Chronic ankle instability has been associated with altered joint kinematics at the ankle, knee and hip. However, no studies have investigated possible kinematic deviations at more distal segments of the foot. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if subjects with ankle instability and copers show altered foot and ankle kinematics and altered kinetics during a landing task when compared to controls. Methods: 96 subjects (38 subjects with chronic ankle instability, 28 copers and 30 controls) performed a vertical drop and side jump task. Foot kinematics were obtained using the Ghent Foot Model and a single segment foot model. Group differences were evaluated using Statistical Parametric Mapping and analysis of variance. Results: Subjects with ankle instability had a more inverted midfoot position in relation to the rearfoot when compared to controls during the side jump. They also had a greater midfoot inversion/eversion range of motion than copers during the vertical drop. Copers exhibited less plantar flexion/dorsiflexion range of motion in the lateral and medial forefoot. Furthermore, the ankle instability and coper group exhibited less ankle plantar flexion at touch down. Additionally, the ankle instability group demonstrated a decreased plantar flexion/dorsiflexion range of motion at the ankle compared to the control group. Analysis of ground reaction forces showed a higher vertical peak and loading rate during the vertical drop in subjects with ankle instability. Interpretation: Subjects with chronic ankle instability displayed an altered, stiffer kinematic landing strategy and related alterations in landing kinetics, which might predispose them for episodes of giving way and actual ankle sprains.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Multi-segment foot landing kinematics in subjects with chronic ankle instability

Ridder

Willems

Vanrenterghem

et al. 2015

Clinical Biomechanics

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show abstract

“…This may explain why the two groups only displayed difference in the AbH size in a relatively small sample size of the current study. Furthermore, the action of AbH to flex the first ray and invert the calcaneus could aid in forefoot locking and midtarsal joint locking mechanisms . This muscle also contributes to the stabilization and supination of the midtarsal joint during propulsion .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in foot muscle morphology and foot kinematics between symptomatic and asymptomatic pronated feet

Zhang

Pauel

Deschamps

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Purpose: This study aimed to determine the differences in foot muscle morphology and 3D multisegmental foot kinematics during walking between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with pronated feet (pronators) in a physically active population. Methods: A total of 30 young physically active adults with pronated feet participated in this study, with 15 of them having recurring overuse injuries in the lower extremity in the 6 months prior to the test. A pronated foot was identified as having a foot posture index score between 6 and 12. An ultrasound system was used to measure the cross-sectional area and thickness of foot muscles of interest, including peroneus muscles, flexor digitorum longus and brevis, and abductor hallucis. Foot kinematic data during walking was collected using a 3D motion capture system incorporating the Oxford Foot Model. Results: The symptomatic pronators demonstrated smaller cross-sectional area of flexor digitorum longus and abductor hallucis, and thinner peroneus muscles and abductor hallucis than their asymptomatic counterparts. The symptomatic pronators also displayed higher forefoot peak abduction during the stance phase of walking. Conclusion: There are differences in both extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscle morphology between symptomatic and asymptomatic pronators in a physically active adult population. Strengthening foot muscles may contribute to injury prevention in pronators. Large forefoot abduction instead of large rearfoot eversion during walking might be the indicator of pain in physically active pronators. Findings of this study may have implications on the underlying mechanisms of overuse injuries in individuals with pronated feet. K E Y W O R D S foot posture, forefoot abduction, intrinsic foot muscle, multisegment foot model, recreational runners | 1767 ZHANG et Al.

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“…On the other hand, the change in the morphology of the 1MT might have occurred developmentally due to an age-associated decrease in force-generating capacity of the foot muscles and, hence, altered biomechanics of the foot. In particular, degeneration of peroneus longus could be a primary factor for the twisted 1MT, because the function of this muscle is to bring the proximal metatarsals into a closely packed position by everting the 1MT to stabilize the forefoot [ 25 , 26 ]. Therefore, decreased pull of peroneus longus might alter the twisting moment generated in the 1MT, leading to adaptive change in the morphology of the 1MT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological factors in hallux valgus, a three‐dimensional analysis of the first metatarsal

Ota

Nagura

Kokubo

et al. 2017

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background: It has been reported that hallux valgus (HV) is associated with axial rotation of the first metatarsal (1MT). However, the association between HV and torsion of the 1MT head with respect to the base has not been previously investigated. The present study examined whether there was a significant difference in 1MT torsion between HV and control groups. Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) scans of 39 ft were obtained, and 3D surface models of the 1MT were generated to quantify the torsion of the head with respect to the base. The HV group consisted of 27 ft from 27 women (69.5 ± 7.5 years old). Only the feet of HV patients with an HV angle >20°on weight-bearing radiography were selected for analysis. The control group consisted of 12 ft from 12 women (67.7 ± 7.2 years old). In a virtual 3D space, two unit vectors, which describe the orientation of the 1MT head and base, were calculated. The angle formed by these two unit vectors representing 1MT torsion was compared between the control and hallux valgus groups. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) of the torsional angle of the 1MT was 17.6 (± 7.7)°and 4.7 (± 4.0)°in the HV and control groups, respectively, and the difference was significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to investigate 1MT torsion in HV patients using CTbased 3D analysis. The 1MT showed significant eversion in hallux valgus patients compared to control group patients.

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The Effect of Frontal Plane Position on First Ray Motion: Forefoot Locking Mechanism

Abstract: This study demonstrates that the frontal plane position of the first ray affects the sagittal plane motion. An everted position has the least mobility, and we hypothesize that this represents a closed-packed or locked position.

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Multi-segment foot landing kinematics in subjects with chronic ankle instability

Multi-segment foot landing kinematics in subjects with chronic ankle instability

Differences in foot muscle morphology and foot kinematics between symptomatic and asymptomatic pronated feet

Etiological factors in hallux valgus, a three‐dimensional analysis of the first metatarsal

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