The Effect of Fuel Composition on Atmospheric Aerosol Due to Auto Exhaust

Wilson, W.J.; Miller, David F.; Levy, A.; Stone, R. K.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1973.10469864

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Since the early 1960's, smog chambers or environmental chambers have been widely used for laboratory studies of photochemical air pollution (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). However, as experimental data from earlier smog chambers had been accumulated, serious disagreement among the results from various chambers became apparent (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and characterization of the evacuable and bakable photochemical smog chamber

Akimoto¹,

Hoshino²,

Inoue³

et al. 1979

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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confidence: 99%

Design and characterization of the evacuable and bakable photochemical smog chamber

Akimoto¹,

Hoshino²,

Inoue³

et al. 1979

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Frontal passages were identified by abrupt pressure, temperature, and wind direction changes and confirmed by surface weather maps. The SO, and 0, data were used to identify local plumes, since sharp SO, peaks associated with a corresponding reduction in 0, characterizes a plume near its source (Wilson et al, 1973;Waggoner et al, 1976;White et al, 1976;Wolff et al, 1977;Miller et al, 1978). Finally, since nearly all the sulfate containing aerosol is less than 1.0 pm aerodynamic diameter in size, only Stage I V (0.3-1.0 pm) samples were used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Humidity on Fine-Particle Aerosol Dynamics and Precipitation Scavenging

Sisterson¹,

Johnson

Kumar

1985

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Precipitation chemistry and the chemical composition and mass loading of atmospheric fine-particle aerosols were examined for 25 individual precipitation events during a 12-month period. Aerosol and precipitation data were used (a) to determine the influence of the precipitation event on the mass loading and the chemical composition of the fine-particle aerosol, and (b) to calculate the apparent scavenging ratios for sulfate and ammonium ions. Two distinct types of aerosol behavior were observed. In one, the concentration of aerosol particles were observed to decrease during the rain but to recover quickly after the event. In the other, the aerosol particle concentration in the 0.3-1.0 pm size range was found to increase either during or just after the rain. The meteorology associated with each precipitation event was --examined in detail to determine the factors responsible for the observed behavior of the aerosol particles. Particle mass concentration decrease in the first type of behavior was attributed to local precipitation scavenging of the particles, with the subsequent recovery caused by advection of other portions of the same air mass to the $ampling location. The second type of behavior, an increase in fine-particle concentration during or after the precipitation, was apparently caused by an increase in relative humidity from less than 70% to greater than 90% (generally almost 100%) at the time the increase wac observed. The calculated annual average precipitation scavenging ratios for sulfate and ammonium ions were observed to lie in the range 100-3,000. INTRODUCTIONRelationships between local atmospheric aerosol properties and precipitation scavenging were investigated for selected storms at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) near Chicago. Samples of ambient aerosol particles in the 0.3-1.0 pm aerodynamic diameter size range collected before, during, and after 25 precipitation events occurring in a one-year period were analyzed for sulfate, ammonium, and total mass loading. A modified Lundgren cascade impactor was used to collect aerosol samples, and an automatic wet/dry collector was used to obtain precipitation samples. Aerosol particle samples were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry. Precipitation samples were analyzed by liquid ion chromatography. The precipitation data were used in conjunction with the aerosol data to compute sulfate and ammonium scavenging ratios.Of particular interest was the relationship observed between the particle concentration behavior before and during precipitation, and the scavenging ratios for sulfate and ammonium ions. Two types of behavior in the 0.3-1.0 pm particle size range were observed during precipitation. In one of these, aerosol sulfate and ammonium ion concentrations decreased during precipitation; in the other, the concentrations of the two ions increased during the precipitation event. Several fac-

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“…Therefore, elemental emission efficiencies were assessed by chemical analysis of coal, coal ash, and fly ash emitted during combustion of the same coal. Extensive data on the composition of fly ash have only recently become available (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: T H Imentioning

confidence: 99%