“…The modulation of vestibular signalling by means of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques has gained increasing interest over the recent years as a treatment for some neurodegenerative conditions. Particularly, galvanic vestibular stimulation has been used to improve balance and vestibular outputs in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (Schniepp et al, 2018), Parkinson's disease (Mahmud et al, 2022), multiple sclerosis (Lotfi et al, 2021), anddizziness (Woll et al, 2019). Galvanic vestibular stimulation may modulate balance, potentially by modulating the PPNthalamic connections, as shown in neuroimaging studies (Cai et al, 2018).…”