The Effect of Gamma and Beta Radiation on a UVTRON Flame Sensor: Assessment of the Impact on Implementation in a Mixed Radiation Field

Abstract

Due to the short path length of alpha particles in air, a detector that can be used at a distance from any potential radiological contamination reduces the time and hazard that traditional alpha detection methods incur. This would reduce costs and protect personnel in nuclear power generation and decommissioning activities, where alpha detection is crucial to full characterisation and contamination detection. Stand-off alpha detection could potentially be achieved by the detection of alpha-induced radioluminescence, especially in the ultraviolet C (UVC) wavelength range (180–280 nm) where natural and artificial background lighting is less likely to interfere with detection. However, such a detector would also have to be effective in the field, potentially in the presence of other radiation sources that could mask the UVC signal. This work exposed a UVC sensor, the UVTRON (Hamamatsu, Japan) and associated electronics (driver circuit, microprocessor) to sources of beta and gamma radiation in order to assess its response to both of these types of radiation, as may be found in the field where a mixed radiation environment is likely. It has been found that the UVTRON is affected by both gamma and beta radiation of a magnitude that would mask any UVC signal being detected. 152Eu generated 0.01 pulses per second per Bq through beta and gamma interactions, compared to 210Po, which generates 4.72 × 10−8 cps per Bq from UVC radioluminescence, at 20 mm separation. This work showed that UVTRON itself is more susceptible to this radiation than the associated electronics. The results of this work have implications for the use of the UVTRON as a sensor in a stand-off detection system, highlighting the necessity for shielding from both potential gamma and beta radiation in any detector design.

Application and Development of Noncontact Detection Method of α-Particles Based on Radioluminescence

“…Even though the experiments were carried out relatively close to the detector, it was tentatively demonstrated that a more noncontact α detection was possible after some electronics processing. Later experiments showed that the detector is susceptible to interference from susceptible β and γ radiation, limiting its use in scenarios where multiple types of contaminant sources are present simultaneously [ 86 ]. In 2018, Crompton et al [ 87 ] placed gas pipes near a 6.95 MBq 210 Po radioactive source, and when blown with Ar, Xe, Ne, N2 , and Kr gases, respectively, observed detected signal changes in the UVC band and concluded that all signals increased when the above gases were blown in, and the most significant enhancement effect on the signal was observed when Xe was blown in.…”

Performance characteristics of a tungsten collimator and UVTRON flame sensor in the detection of alpha-induced radioluminescence

“…It has already been shown that the UVTRON is susceptible to interference from beta radiation and gamma radiation [6], which the collimator seeks to reduce or remove. The collimated UVTRON was exposed to the 90 Sr source with the following results (see Table 4); It can be seen from the results shown in Table 4 that up to at least 600 mm distance the signal generated by the beta emissions can be distinguished from background by the collimated UVTRON system.…”

“…It is designed to detect the UVC from flames in fire detection systems and has excellent background light rejection capabilities. However, it is susceptible to interference from beta and gamma sources [6]. Hence a collimator has been designed to attenuate gamma and beta radiation and to block any shine path to the UVTRON.…”