The Effect of Gender Inequality in Education, Labor Force Participation and Economic Opportunity on the Income Distribution of India

Angeles, Athena Chantel; Donaire, Samantha Jean; Reyes, Rogie Benedict; Cabauatan, Ronaldo R.

doi:10.30605/jsgp.4.3.2021.1479

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A study on individuals in the age 55-64 in Turkey shows that the main determinants for LFPR are education and marital status (Senturk, 2021). The increase of LFPR has a positive effect on income distribution in India (Angeles et al, 2021). There is a positive relationship between female LFPR and female salaries in Pakistan (Afridi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Lfpr and Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Labor Force Participation Rate in the Context of Esg Models at World Level

Costantiello,

Leogrande

2024

Preprint

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In this article we analyze the impact of Labor Force Partecipation Rate-LFPR in the context of the Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model at world level. We use data from the ESG dataset of the World Bank for the period 2011-2020. We use Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, Dynamic Panel. We find that the level of LFPR is positively associated among others to “Ratio of Female to Male Labor Force Participation Rate” and “Life Expectancy at Birth”, and negatively associated among others, to “Unemployment” and “Agricultural Land”. Furthermore, we have applied a clusterization with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient, and we found the presence of three clusters. Finally, we confront eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the value of LFPR. We find that the best predictor is the Linear Regression. Linear Regression predicts an increase in LFPR equal to 0.42% on average for the analyzed countries.

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Section: Lfpr and Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Labor Force Participation Rate in the Context of Esg Models at World Level

Costantiello,

Leogrande

2024

Preprint

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“…A study on individuals in the age 55-64 in Turkey shows that the main determinants for LFPR are education and marital status [6]. The increase of LFPR has a positive effect on income distribution in India [7]. There is a positive relationship between female LFPR and female salaries in Pakistan [8].…”

Section: ) Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Labor Force Participation Rate in the Context of ESG Models at World Level

Leogrande¹,

Costantiello²

2023

SSRN Journal

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“…Income inequality will be high in a nation with high educational inequality, so income equality can be achieved with more equitable access to education (Munir and Kanwal, 2020). The study by Angeles et al . (2021) found a positive and significant effect of gender equality in education on national income.…”

Section: Brief Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender discrimination and inequalities in education expenditure in India

Singh

Singh²,

Komaraiah

2023

IJSE

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, the study has investigated the changing scenario of gender bias in households' education expenditure and the socioeconomic factors responsible for it. Secondly, the study has estimated the inequality in education expenditure for the male and female students and determined the significance of socioeconomic variables in gender discrimination.Design/methodology/approachTo address the above-mentioned issues, this paper has used the unit-level data of NSSO 52nd, 64th, 71st and 75th rounds from 1995–1996 to 2017–2018. The log linear regression model is applied to estimate factor impending average education expenditure dynamics. The Oaxaca–Blinder Decomposition method has been employed to measure gender discrimination, and the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient are used to assess inequality among girls experiencing prejudice.FindingsThe study has discovered an gender bias in education expenditure against females during the study period in India. Further, it has been found that gender discrimination against girl students is decreasing. Moreover, the factors such as age, religion, castes, MPCE (income quantile), type of institution, present enrolment and type of education are responsible for this gender differences.Originality/valueThis paper uses 20 years of household-level data for study and suggests that discriminatory behaviour of households and credit constraints of the underdeveloped countries prevent investment in girl's education. Therefore, the state must pay for education of girls by offering scholarships and free or heavily subsidized education. In addition to this, awareness programs for gender equality should also be implemented by the government, especially in rural areas.Peer reviewThe peer-review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2022-0537.

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The Effect of Gender Inequality in Education, Labor Force Participation and Economic Opportunity on the Income Distribution of India

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

The Labor Force Participation Rate in the Context of Esg Models at World Level

The Labor Force Participation Rate in the Context of Esg Models at World Level

The Labor Force Participation Rate in the Context of ESG Models at World Level

Gender discrimination and inequalities in education expenditure in India

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