The Effect of Genotype, Climatic Conditions and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Grain Protein Content of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Cultivation of spring wheat varieties has expanded into areas with abundant winters where winter wheat is not suitable. Due to lack of research in Romania regarding the influence of different factors on hard red spring wheat, the present study aimed at a better understanding of the influence of genotype, climatic conditions and nitrogen fertilization on the spring wheat yield and quality, and to analyse the correlations between grain yield and grain protein content. Experiences were conducted from 2015 to 2018 on two levels of N fertilization (50 and 100 kg ha-1) at Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda. Biological material consisted of 19 genotypes, four of local origin and fifteen of foreign origin, from three different varieties (ferrugineum, lutescens, erythrospermum). The results indicate that the three experimental years were more important in the interactions with the genotypes than was the N fertilization, for both yield and protein content. The most productive cultivars with good stability were ‘Feeling’ and ‘SG 5-01’, and the most valuable varieties regarding the protein content were ‘Pădureni’, ‘Corso’ and ‘GK Tavasz’. A high dose of N assured a high yield and good quality for all cultivars. Although negative correlations were found between production and protein content in HRSW, there were found cultivars that show positive regressions of protein content, such as ‘Pădureni’, ‘Feeling’ and ‘Lona’.

Technological quality of wheat grains and flour as affected by nitrogen fertilization and weather condition

“…Based on the obtained outcomes, there is evidence that the traits related to the technological quality of grains and flour vary mainly due to genotype and environmental conditions than N fertilization, as observed by Kadar et al (2019). This finding may be attributed to the distinct adaptability of each genetic material to specific environmental conditions, which directly influence the quality of wheat grains (Xue et al, 2016).…”

Boosting wheat functional genomics via an indexed EMS mutant library of KN9204

“…Bread wheat is a major crop that feeds 40% of the world’s population. Winter wheat accounts for about 70% of the total wheat acreage, with a higher grain yield, better quality, and broader adaptability than spring wheat ( Entz and Fowler, 1991 ; Kadar et al., 2018 ). Gene functional studies and genetic manipulation of wheat are continually ongoing, especially for winter varieties.…”

“…However, the Cadenza mutations did not cover all the annotated genes, and new sequence-indexed mutants are still needed. Furthermore, more mutagenesis libraries with diverse genetic backgrounds are in high demand for functional genomics and breeding, especially in winter wheat, which accounts for 70% of the total wheat acreage ( Kadar et al., 2018 ).…”

Boosting wheat functional genomics via indexed EMS mutant library of KN9204

“…Indexed KN9204 EMS mutant library provides important resource for gene identification and genetic manipulation in winter wheat Bread wheat is a major crop that feeds 40% of the world's population. Winter wheat accounts for about 70% of the total wheat acreage, with a higher grain yield, better quality, and wider adaptability than spring wheat (Entz and Fowler, 1991;Kadar et al, 2018). Gene functional study and genetic manipulation is continually undergoing for wheat, especially winter growth variety.…”

“…Nonetheless, Cadenza mutations did not cover all the annotated genes, and more sequence-indexed mutants are still needed. Besides, more mutagenesis library with diverse genetic background are highly demanded for the functional genomic study and breeding, in particular of winter wheat which contribute 70% of the total wheat acreage (Kadar et al, 2018).…”