The effect of glucose dose and fasting interval on cognitive function: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, six-way crossover study

Owen, Lauren; Scholey, Andrew; Finnegan, Yvonne E.; Hu, Henglong; Sünram-Lea, Sandra I.

doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2510-2

Cited by 45 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Subjective reports of "increased mental energy" have been associated with higher glucose metabolism in the brain (Posner et al, 1988;Reivih and Alavi, 1983), and this effect occurs within several minutes after glucose administration. With regard to objective cognitive performance, glucose improves attention , response speed and working memory (Scholey et al, 2001), the latter occurring under conditions of high but also under low glucose depletion (Owen et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2012). The most pronounced effects of glucose on cognition are found for declarative memory (Messier, 2004;, where effect sizes in the large range have been demonstrated in particular for demanding tasks (e.g.…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Non-pharmacological cognitive enhancement

et al. 2013

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Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Non-pharmacological cognitive enhancement

et al. 2013

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“…Using this experimental paradigm, beneficial effects have been observed across different populations. For example, glucose administration has been shown to enhance cognitive performance in adolescents (35) , young adults (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) , older adults (46,47) and improvements have been observed in subjects with mild or severe cognitive pathologies, including individuals with Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome (32,33) . In addition, facilitation of cognitive performance induced by elevations in plasma glucose levels has also been reported in patients with schizophrenia (48,49) .…”

Section: Acute Administration Of a Glucose Load: Prototypical Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of cognitive tasks affected, benefits have been found to occur in a range of cognitive domains, including information processing and attention (46,(50)(51)(52)(53) , working memory (36,37,42,43,54) , executive function (55,56) , problem solving (57) and long-term memory (36)(37)(38)(40)(41)(42)(58)(59)(60) . The clearest enhancement effects of increased glucose supply have been observed for long-term memory over a variety of conditions and paradigms (61) .…”

Section: Acute Administration Of a Glucose Load: Prototypical Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan

Sünram-Lea

Owen

2017

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The brain has a high metabolic rate and its metabolism is almost entirely restricted to oxidative utilisation of glucose. These factors emphasise the extreme dependence of neural tissue on a stable and adequate supply of glucose. Whereas initially it was thought that only glucose deprivation (i.e. under hypoglycaemic conditions) can affect brain function, it has become apparent that low-level fluctuations in central availability can affect neural and consequently, cognitive performance. In the present paper the impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognitive processes across the lifespan will be reviewed. The data suggest that although an acute rise in blood glucose levels has some short-term improvements of cognitive function, a more stable blood glucose profile, which avoids greater peaks and troughs in circulating glucose is associated with better cognitive function and a lower risk of cognitive impairments in the longer term. Therefore, a habitual diet that secures optimal glucose delivery to the brain in the fed and fasting states should be most advantageous for the maintenance of cognitive function. Although the evidence to date is promising, it is insufficient to allow firm and evidence-based nutritional recommendations. The rise in obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in recent years highlights the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle strategies to promote healthy lifestyle and brain function across the lifespan and for future generations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for hypothesis-driven, randomised controlled trials that evaluate the role of different glycaemic manipulations on cognition.

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“…Given these criteria, we excluded experiments showing a relation between sugar consumption and cognitive processes (e.g., short-term memory or general cognition function) that prima facie do not seem to pose demands on self-regulation (e.g., Carter & McCullough, 2013;Owen, Scholey, Finnegan, Hu, & Sünram-Lea, 2012). In addition, we also excluded studies that investigated the correlation between general glucose levels (or regular glucose ingestion) and self-regulated behavior in naturalistic settings over many days.…”

Section: Literature-search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bitter Truth About Sugar and Willpower

2016

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According to the law of conservation of energy, the total amount of energy of an isolated system can never increase. In the domain of psychology, the idea that energy is a limited resource originated with Freud (1923Freud ( /1961. Energy models have been little used in psychology since Freud, though, with the rare exception of the ego-depletion model developed by Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, and Tice (1998). According to this research, "the self's acts of volition draw on some limited resource, akin to strength or energy. . . , therefore, one act of volition will have a detrimental impact on subsequent volition" (Baumeister et al., 1998(Baumeister et al., , p. 1252. Research on ego depletion has substantial implications. It has been claimed that reliably exerting self-control, either actively doing something "good" or avoiding the temptation to act on "bad" impulses, can greatly reduce many of the major ills that affect society and people's personal lives, such as "crime, violence, unwanted pregnancy, drug addiction, venereal diseases, bankruptcy, and premature deaths" (Baumeister, Muraven, & Tice, 2000, p. 130). It is not surprising that the work of Baumeister et al. (1998) has had an impact on a number of disciplines, including advertising, behavioral economics, business, consumerism, law, management, marketing, and medicine. In fact, it is fair to say that this seminal article by Baumeister et al. has become a classic: At the time of this writing, it has more than 1,250 citations in the Web of Science.When ego depletion was first proposed, the idea of a limited resource was a convenient metaphor. Given how fundamental exerting self-control is thought to be, it is important to establish the energy source that is depleted and to provide a mechanism by which ego depletion occurs. The most popular explanation found in the literature involves glucose. Gailliot et al. (2007) presented nine studies supporting three main findings: (a) Blood glucose levels are reduced after performing a self-control 654911P SSXXX10.

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The effect of glucose dose and fasting interval on cognitive function: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, six-way crossover study

Cited by 45 publications

References 51 publications

Non-pharmacological cognitive enhancement

Non-pharmacological cognitive enhancement

The impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan

The Bitter Truth About Sugar and Willpower

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