The Effect of Glutaraldehyde on Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin Composite with Addition of Alendronate for Bone Filler Application

Abstract

Based on data from Indonesian Health Ministry in 2009, osteoporosis case reached 19,7 % of the populations in Indonesia, especially women in menopause period. The treatment was performed by consuming bisphosphonate drugs per oral which was not effective since the absorption intake of the drug was only less than 55% of the intake dosage. Because of that, the bone filler which also has a function as drug delivery system was developed. The hydroxyapatite-gelatin bone filler with the addition of alendronate was studied. To increase the characteristics of this bone filler, glutaraldehyde was introduced in the composite as a crosslinking agent. The concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% were used. The bone filler was then characterized based on FTIR test, morphology test, compressive strength test, cytotoxicity test, and degradation test. The FTIR result showed that there was no significant difference between the sample with and without glutaraldehyde since the crosslinking bond of glutaraldehyde and gelatin was C=N bond which also presented in the gelatin. The morphology of the samples depicted a bigger pore size for higher glutaraldehyde concentration which also supported by lower compressive strength. All the samples were non-toxic based on the cytotoxicity test which had cell viability more than 100%. The degradation tests showed that with the presence of glutaraldehyde in the bone filler could maintain its form longer than the bone filler without glutaraldehyde. In conclusion, the presence of glutaraldehyde could increase the characteristics of the hydroxyapatite-gelatin composite with the addition of alendronate as a bone filler candidate for osteoporotic bone.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanohydroxyapatite-Gelatin Composite with Streptomycin as Antituberculosis Injectable Bone Substitute

“…The peak at wavenumber of 3467.5 cm −1 resembled the stretching vibration of hydroxyl group from the material used in this study, HA, GEL, HPMC, and streptomycin. The absorbance at wavenumber of 2929.47 cm −1 was the stretching vibration of C-CH 3 which was the specific functional group from HPMC [7]. The peak at 1648.49 cm −1 showed the bonding between the carbonyl functional group originated from gelatin and the amine group from the streptomycin.…”

“…Hydroxyapatite is one of the materials that could be used as bone graft [7]. This material has biocompatible and bioactive properties which is beneficial for restoring the bone defect due to the bone tuberculosis.…”

“…This material is also biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic. This material is extensively used as a filler due to its ease to set [7, 8].…”

Chitosan-Coated Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid-Poly Ethylene Oxide-Based Electrospun Membrane for Corneal Ulcers Wound Dressing Candidate

“…It showed that the specific functional group of every compound was in there, such as amide I stretching, C = O, C-O-C complex from chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and collagen at wavenumber of 1643.53, 1406.64, and 1082.67 cm -1 , respectively. The absorption peak at wavenumber of 3434.41 cm -1 was the hydroxyl functional group from every material and also the result of crosslinking [14,17,18]. There was a slight shift of absorption peak of amide I functional group which indicated the result of crosslinking process.…”

SYNTHESIS OF HAp-CHITOSAN-PVA COMPOSITE AS INJECTABLE BONE SUBSTITUTE MATERIAL

“…A broadening peak around 300-3500 cm -1 is due to the interaction between the constituent elements of the composite, such as hydrogen bonding between chitosan-hydroxyapatite. The -OH and NH2 groups of chitosan bind with the -OH group of hydroxyapatite 24 . Figure-6a showed the XRD pattern for the composite, and showed that the composite consisted of mostly amorphous materials.…”