The Effect of Glycidyl Azide Polymer Grafted Tetrafunctional Isocyanate on Polytriazole Polyethylene Oxide-Tetrahydrofuran Elastomer and its Propellant Properties

Hu, Jinghui; Tang, Weiqiang; Li, Yonghui; He, Jiyu; Guo, Xiaoyan; Yang, Rongjie

doi:10.3390/polym12020278

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For the PTPET elastomer-ε = 228.45%, σ = 0.69 MPa. [35] The above data is also much lower than the A3 plasticized Glycidyl Azide Polymer-Polycaprolactone-Polyurethane elastomer system, which has a tensile strength of 1.8 MPa and a tensile strain at break of 1780%. [36] This experiment showed by using GAP (Mn = 4000 g/mol), the PTPET elastomer could be cured in the presence of plasticizer Bu-NENA.…”

Section: An Alternative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Curing Behaviors of Alkynyl-Terminated Copolyether with Glycidyl Azide Polymer in Energetic Plasticizers

Liu

Cong

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Alkynyl-terminated polyethylene oxide−tetrahydrofuran (ATPET) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) could be linked through click-chemistry between the alkynyl and azide, and the product may serve a binder for solid propellants. The effects of the energetic plasticizers A3 [1:1 mixture of bis-(2,2-dinitropropy) acetal (BDNPA) and bis-(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal(BDNPN)] and Bu-NENA [N-butyl-N-(2nitroxyethyl) nitramine] on the curing reaction between ATPET and GAP have been studied. A diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR) approach has been used to monitor the change in the diffusion coefficient of cross-linked polytriazole polyethylene oxide−tetrahydrofuran (PTPET). The change in the diffusion coefficient of PTPET with A3 plasticizer is significantly higher than that of PTPET with Bu-NENA. Viscosity analysis further highlighted the difference between A3 and Bu-NENA in the curing process—the curing curve of PTPET (A3) with time can be divided into two stages, with an inflection point being observed on the fourth day. For PTPET (Bu-NENA), in contrast, only one stage is seen. The above methods, together with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis, revealed distinct effects of A3 and Bu-NENA on the curing process of PTPET. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that Bu-NENA has little effect on the valence oxidation of copper in the catalyst. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis indicated that Bu-NENA helps to improve the thermal stability of the catalyst. After analysis of several possible factors by means of XPS, modeling with Material Studio and TG, the formation of molecular cages between Bu-NENA and copper is considered to be the reason for the above differences. In this article, GAP (Mn = 4000 g/mol) was used to replace GAP (Mn = 427 g/mol) to successfully synthesize the PTPET elastomer with Bu-NENA plasticizer. Mechanical data measured for the PTPET (Bu-NENA) sample included ε = 34.26 ± 2.98%, and σ = 0.198 ± 0.015 MPa.

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Section: An Alternative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Curing Behaviors of Alkynyl-Terminated Copolyether with Glycidyl Azide Polymer in Energetic Plasticizers

Liu

Cong

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…It is one of the most promising alternatives to inert hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene when it comes to improving the specific impulse of propellants and energy of the explosives 19 . In addition to the high reactivity, the GAP also shows good compatibility with energetic materials including propellants, explosives and Al particles, which are important for long-term storage safety 16 , 20 – 23 . It is therefore believed that the GAP has the potential to improve the reactivity of the Al particles while retaining their energy content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-rich energetic polymer powered aluminum particles with enhanced reactivity and energy content

Ren

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Aluminum particles are of significant interest in enhancing the energy release performance of explosives. One of the major impediments to their use is that Al2O3 shell significantly decreases overall performance. To address this issue, we investigate creating aluminum particles with a glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) coating to improve their reactivity while retaining their energy content. We found that the aluminum particles were coated with a GAP layer of thickness around 8.5 nm. The coated aluminum particles were compared to non-coated powder by the corresponding reactivity parameters obtained from simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, coupled with mass spectral and infrared spectral analyses. Besides, the comparison on the energy content was also conducted based on P–t tests and a laser-induced air shock from energetic materials (LASEM) technique. It was found that GAP shifted the oxidation onset of aluminum particles to a lower temperature by ~ 10 °C. Besides, the oxidation activation energy of aluminum particles was also reduced by ~ 15 kJ mol−1. In return, aluminum particles reduced the activation energy of the second stage decomposition of the GAP by 276 kJ mol−1. And due to the synergistic effect between aluminum and GAP, the decomposition products of GAP were prone to be oxycarbide species rather than carbonitride species. In addition, the P–t test showed the peak pressure and pressurization rate of GAP coated aluminum particles were separately 1.4 times and 1.9 times as large as those of non-coated aluminum particles. Furthermore, the LASEM experiment suggested the shock wave velocity of the GAP coated aluminum particles was larger than that of non-coated aluminum particles, and the largest velocity difference for them could be 0.6 km s−1. This study suggests after coating by GAP, the aluminum particles possess enhanced reaction performance, which shows potential application value in the fields of aluminized explosives and other energetic fields.

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“…The copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne Huisgen (3 + 2) dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) is the most representative click reaction and many 1,2,3‐triazole compounds are synthesized based on this. This reaction offers a perfect synthetic strategy and nowadays has been extensively applied in molecular structure design, 16–21 for example, conjugated polymers, dendrimers, block copolymers, hyperbranched polymers, and so on, and polytriazole production, for example, alkyne terminated polybutadiene (ATPB)/alkyne terminated oxide‐tetrahydrofuran (ATPET) with glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) 22,23 . The synthesized polytriazole elastomer normally exhibits a great higher thermal stability than that of polyurethane elastomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and performance of polyether elastomer with a combination of polyurethane and polytriazole

Cong¹,

Liu²,

He³

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyether polyurethane elastomers prepared by polyisocyanate N100 and ethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran copolymer (PET) were compared to that polytriazole polyethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran (PTPET) elastomers prepared by alkynyl‐terminated polyethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran (ATPET) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) at a comparative molecular weight. The polyether polyurethane (PET‐N100) elastomers turned out to have better mechanical properties than that of PTPET/GAP elastomer. In order to explore the effectiveness of nitrogen‐enriched structures in the field of flame‐retardancy, PET‐N100 and PTPET/GAP elastomers were tested by cone calorimetry. The PET‐N100 elastomer exhibited an inferior performance of flame‐retardancy to that of PTPET/GAP elastomer. Therefore, a modification of the terminal hydroxyl group in GAP with 4,4′‐methylene‐bisphenyl‐isocyanate (MDI) and flame‐retardant diethyl bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) amino methyl phosphonate (DBMAP) was attempted and characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. It was found that the synthesized GAP‐MDI‐DBAMP could serve as a novel curing agent for ATPET, which would endow the novel PTPET elastomer a combination of the advantageous properties, that is, the outstanding mechanical properties from PET‐N100 elastomer, favorable flame‐retardancy from PTPET/GAP elastomer and DBAMP. The thermogravimetry analysis/DTG, DSC, tensile strength test, and swelling analysis proved that PTPET/GAP‐MDI‐DBAMP elastomer had excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength.

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The Effect of Glycidyl Azide Polymer Grafted Tetrafunctional Isocyanate on Polytriazole Polyethylene Oxide-Tetrahydrofuran Elastomer and its Propellant Properties

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Curing Behaviors of Alkynyl-Terminated Copolyether with Glycidyl Azide Polymer in Energetic Plasticizers

Curing Behaviors of Alkynyl-Terminated Copolyether with Glycidyl Azide Polymer in Energetic Plasticizers

Nitrogen-rich energetic polymer powered aluminum particles with enhanced reactivity and energy content

Preparation and performance of polyether elastomer with a combination of polyurethane and polytriazole

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