The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters

Abstract

The scope of the present study was to prepare fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) with comparable properties to the commercial formulations. The focus was set on the determination of the optimal prepolymer formulation using the same set of diacids (itaconic and succinic acid) and different diols (propylene glycol, isosorbide and neopentyl glycol) or its equimolar mixtures, keeping the fixed molar ratio of 1:1:2.1 in all feed compositions. Instead of commonly used styrene, bio-based dimethyl itaconate was used as a reactive diluent (RD). The rheology of the obtained resins was studied in detail. The effect of the used diol on structural (FTIR), thermal (DSC), thermomechanical (DMA), and mechanical (tensile) properties was explained. The properties of UPRs were found to be highly dependent on the diol used in the prepolymer formulation. The UPR with an equimolar ratio of propylene glycol and neopentyl glycol was shown to be the most promising candidate to compete with the commercial petroleum-based resins.

Vinyl methyl oxazolidinone as reactive diluent to overcome the solubility limitations of highly polar unsaturated polyesters

“…These are the influence of the number average molar mass ( M n ) of the different UPs (Table 2) and the MRUDB (Table 9). 15 …”

“…These are the influence of the number average molar mass (M n ) of the different UPs (Table 2) and the MRUDB (Table 9). 15 The lack of differences in the thermoset glass transition temperatures of series UP-ISOS-0-VMOX ® -60 to UP-ISOS-100-VMOX ® -60 can be related to M n values. Referring back to Table 2, M n values decrease with increasing ISOS content.…”

“…It is obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and catalytic dehydration of glucose. According to many publications, ISOS provides high glass transition temperature and high stiffness of the UPs 13–15 . Preliminary work on the use of isosorbide for UPs for coatings applications was undertaken by Jasinska and Koning 6,7 .…”

“…According to many publications, ISOS provides high glass transition temperature and high stiffness of the UPs. [13][14][15] Preliminary work on the use of isosorbide for UPs for coatings applications was undertaken by Jasinska and Koning. 6,7 They investigated bio-based UPs synthesized from MA, succinic acid, and isosorbide.…”

Improvement of Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Composite Prepared from Combination of Active Nano Filler of Modified Pumice and Commercial Active Fillers

“…This ATH reacts at a temperature of 180–200 °C into aluminum oxide through an endothermic reaction, which causes the UPRs to cool down, thereby reducing the pyrolysis product [ 39 , 51 ]. The cross-linking of UPRs also keeps the polymer chains from breaking under the influence of heat [ 52 , 53 ].…”