The effect of goal difficulty and goal orientation on running performance in young female athletes

Tenenbaum, Gershon; Spence, Ron; Christensen, Steven A.

doi:10.1080/00049539908255328

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Goal setting improved endurance performance in two studies (combined Δ = 0.34). High-school runners who were assigned easy, challenging and unrealistic combinations of short-term and long-term goals showed similar levels of improvement in their 2.3 km running times (∆ = 0.36) in simulated competition [ 59 ]. The amount of improvement was correlated with both ego orientation ( r = 0.39) and task orientation ( r = 0.38).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results shed little light on whether sex [ 46 , 60 , 79 , 80 ] or athletic ability [ 69 , 82 ] are moderating variables. Nevertheless, personality type appears to affect participants’ responses to verbal encouragement [ 70 ], participants with high task and ego orientations respond more favourably to goal-setting interventions [ 59 ], and hypnotic susceptibility influences whether hypnosis-based interventions improve endurance performance [ 50 ]. Further research on moderating variables (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Determinants of Whole-Body Endurance Performance

2015

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BackgroundNo literature reviews have systematically identified and evaluated research on the psychological determinants of endurance performance, and sport psychology performance enhancement guidelines for endurance sports are not founded on a systematic appraisal of endurance-specific research.ObjectiveA systematic literature review was conducted to identify practical psychological interventions that improve endurance performance and to identify additional psychological factors that affect endurance performance. Additional objectives were to evaluate the research practices of the included studies, to suggest theoretical and applied implications, and to guide future research.MethodsElectronic databases, forward-citation searches and manual searches of reference lists were used to locate relevant studies. Peer-reviewed studies were included when they chose an experimental or quasi-experimental research design; a psychological manipulation; endurance performance as the dependent variable; and athletes or physically active, healthy adults as participants.ResultsConsistent support was found for using imagery, self-talk and goal setting to improve endurance performance, but it is unclear whether learning multiple psychological skills is more beneficial than learning one psychological skill. The results also demonstrated that mental fatigue undermines endurance performance, and verbal encouragement and head-to-head competition can have a beneficial effect. Interventions that influenced perception of effort consistently affected endurance performance.ConclusionsPsychological skills training could benefit an endurance athlete. Researchers are encouraged to compare different practical psychological interventions, to examine the effects of these interventions for athletes in competition and to include a placebo control condition or an alternative control treatment. Researchers are also encouraged to explore additional psychological factors that could have a negative effect on endurance performance. Future research should include psychological mediating variables and moderating variables. Implications for theoretical explanations for endurance performance and evidence-based practice are described.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0319-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Determinants of Whole-Body Endurance Performance

2015

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“…Some research has been conducted on the forethought and performance stages, that is, on processes before and during endurance performance. For example, with consideration to the forethought stage, research has examined the effects of goal difficulty on improvements in middle-distance running times (Tenenbaum, Spence, & Christensen, 1999), and the influence of emotion suppression on cycling performance (Wagstaff, 2014). With consideration to the performance stage, research has examined the effects of using pre-selected attentional strategies, selftalk, imagery, relaxation, and combinations of these during performance (for reviews, see Brick, MacIntyre, & Campbell, 2014;McCormick et al, 2015).…”

Section: Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-regulation in endurance sports: theory, research, and practice

McCormick

Meijen

Anstiss

et al. 2018

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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There is considerable research interest in psychological aspects of endurance performance. Until recently, research typically lacked a theoretical underpinning, and contemporary research is particularly informed by the psychobiological model of endurance performance. In this critical review, we propose that psychological theories relating to self-regulation, particularly self-efficacy theory and the process model of emotion regulation, could shed more light on how endurance performance is determined and lead to additional understanding of how psychological interventions can be used. We argue that people encounter fewer stressors in most experimental studies than are encountered before and during real-life events. In addition, we argue that most research conducted to date has focused on the forethought and performance phases of self-regulation, rather than the self-reflection phase, and research has not considered the cyclical nature of self-regulation. We also argue that if research participants are not endurance athletes, then their motivation may not be self-determined and self-regulatory learning may not take place. Recommendations are given for future research, and evidence-based guidance is offered on enhancing performance and improving the quality of experience for endurance athletes.

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“…Players give their foremost concentration to succeed in any event. Goal setting and goal orientation are the most important paradigms that affect the motivation of individuals to achieve and to excel in tasks in which they are engaged in (Tenenbaum, Spence, & Christensen, 1999;Prager, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Goal Orientation on Players' Performance with Special Reference to Sri Lanka National Team Sports

Hpn¹,

Jusoh²,

Smf³

et al. 2019

saj

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The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between goal orientation and performance in team sports players. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) was used for the assessment of goals. The observed variable of the study was perceived performance and was measured through a likert scale questionnaire, which had been adopted from literature. Subjective performances of the players were considered. Data was collected from Sri Lankan national team players who are engaged in team sports of football, basketball, Elle, volleyball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Netball, Rugby and Throw ball. The study population was 308 national team players and the universal sampling technique was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS and structural equation modeling with AMOS. The study results reveal that there is a significant association between goal orientation and performance of the players while a significant relationship exists between task orientation and performance. A moderate level of association was derived from ego orientation which in turn leads to performance.

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The effect of goal difficulty and goal orientation on running performance in young female athletes

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Psychological Determinants of Whole-Body Endurance Performance

Psychological Determinants of Whole-Body Endurance Performance

Self-regulation in endurance sports: theory, research, and practice

Influence of Goal Orientation on Players' Performance with Special Reference to Sri Lanka National Team Sports

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