The effect of graded concentrations of dietary DHA on growth, survival and tissue fatty acid profile of Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae during the Artemia feeding period

Villalta, M.; Estévez, Alicia; Bransden, MP; Bell, J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.03.037

Cited by 99 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In fact, the FA composition of both larvae and post-larvae reflected the dietary FA composition, irrespective of regulation of 4fad expression, which was highly responsive to dietary n-3 LC-PUFA content being upregulated when sole where fed lower levels of these FAs, even if this could not raise DHA contents to levels approaching the E and NE-E treatments at 40 DAH. However, the E diet, possessing high levels of total lipid and enriched in both EPA and DHA, probably does not fully reflect the natural feeds of sole post-settlement (possibly with a higher EPA/DHA ratio), which may explain why continuously feeding the E diet to larvae and post-larvae led to reduced growth at 40 DAH, as had been reported previously [22,23]. It could be speculated that dietary supply of DHA well in excess of requirements may result in higher oxidative stress associated with the peroxidative susceptibility of LC-PUFA [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Marine fish larvae have a strict dietary requirement for high LC-PUFA and hence live prey commonly used in aquaculture to feed early larval stages requires enrichment with LC-PUFA, particularly DHA [21]. However, in contrast, Senegalese sole larvae can be grown on diets containing negligible DHA and low EPA levels, such as non-enriched live prey, without obvious detrimental effects [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a marine vertebrate: Ontogenetic and nutritional regulation of a fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity

Morais

Castanheira

Martínez-Rubio

et al. 2012

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

129

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Solea senegalensis is an unusual marine teleost with very low dietary requirement for longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) during early development. Aquaculture is rapidly becoming the main source of health-beneficial fish products for human consumption. This, associated with limited supply of LC-PUFA-rich ingredients for fish feeds, render S. senegalensis a highly interesting species in which to study the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway. We have cloned and functionally character -3 series) and elovl5 with the potential to catalyze docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Changes in expression of both transcripts were determined during embryonic and early larval development, and transcriptional regulation in response to dietary n-3 LC-PUFA was assessed during larval and post-larval stages. There was a marked pattern of regulation during early ontogenesis, with transcripts showing peak expression coinciding with the start of exogenous feeding. Although elovl5 transcripts were present in fertilized DHA/EPA ratio (~ 11) to meet the high demands for early embryonic development. Fatty acid profile was significantly up-regulated in response to LC-PUFA-poor diets, which may suggest biological relevance of this pathway in reducing LC-PUFA dietary requirements in this species, compared to other marine teleosts. These results indicate that sole is capable of synthesizing DHA from EPA through a Sprecher-independent pathway. Suggested Reviewers: Xiaozhong Zheng xzheng@staffmail.ed.ac.uk Dr Zheng has done considerable work involving cloning and functional characterization of Fads and Elovls in fish and is therefore a very specific expert in this field.Johnathan A. Napier jon.napier@bbsrc.ac.uk Prof. Napier is an expert in Fad molecular biology and has considerable expertise in pathways of DHA biosynthesis.Chantal Cahu Chantal.Cahu@ifremer.fr Dr. Chantal Cahu is an expert in marine larvae nutrition including fatty acid metabolism. In addition, she has also been involved in molecular and genomic studies, including the cloning and Fad expression in fish.Gabriel Mourente gabriel.mourente@uca.es Dr. Gabriel Mourente is an expert in marine larvae nutrition including fatty acid metabolism. He has additionally performed several larval nutrition studies in S. senegalensis and has also worked specifically with enzymes of the pathway of LC-PUFA biosynthesis.Manuel Yúfera manuel.yufera@icman.csic.es Dr. Manuel Yúfera is an expert in marine larvae nutrition including fatty acid metabolism and has additionally performed several larval nutrition studies in S. senegalensis. Fatty acyl desaturase and elongase cDNAs corresponding to a 4fad (with some 5 activity for PUFA of the n-3 series) and elovl5 were cloned from a marine teleost (Solea senegalensis) and functionally characterized by heterologous expression in yeast. Historically, it was believed that the pathway for DHA synthesis would involve a 4 desaturase, as this would be the most direct route, but the presence of 4Fad enzymes cou...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a marine vertebrate: Ontogenetic and nutritional regulation of a fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity

Morais

Castanheira

Martínez-Rubio

et al. 2012

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Specifically, this ratio has been well studied in relation to the dietary requirements of many marine fish that are candidates for aquaculture. Nutritional requirements for DHA and EPA have been found to be both species-and developmentally-specific (Copeman 2001, Villalta et al 2005b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence of fatty acid limited growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae

Copeman¹,

Laurel²

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Changing environmental conditions in the North Pacific are altering the lipid/fatty acid (FA) composition of zooplankton assemblages, but the consequences to resident fish larvae are unknown. In the laboratory, we reared Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus larvae over 4 wk on prey enriched with varying levels of 2 essential FAs (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 22:6ω-3, and eicosapentanoic acid, EPA, 20:5ω-3) to determine how this species responded to such changes in prey quality. Ratios of DHA:EPA were chosen to represent the natural variation observed in zooplankton of the North Pacific. We tested the hypotheses whether (1) energetically similar diets comprised of varying levels of DHA and EPA affect growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae, and (2) the highest levels of DHA:EPA (2:1) are optimal for Pacific cod larvae, as it has been shown for Atlantic species. Pacific cod larvae grew fastest with diets containing high levels of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA > 22%). Diets with the same total lipid content but different DHA:EPA ratios (< 0.1:1 to 2:1) also mediated growth and lipid composition of the larvae. Unlike Atlantic cod, Pacific cod larvae did not show as high a requirement for DHA relative to EPA but rather achieved largest size-at-age with intermediate DHA:EPA ratios (0.8:1 to 1.1:1). This range most closely resembled DHA:EPA ratios reported from North Pacific copepods, suggesting anomalous years with an over-or under-abundance of DHA-rich dinoflagellates or EPA-rich diatoms may be detrimental to survival and growth of Pacific cod larvae in the field. KEY WORDS: Gadus macrocephalus · Essential fatty acids · DHA · EPA · Prey qualityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Measurements of body length are taken with a slide calliper or with microscopes that may be directly connected to a computer yielding very accurate results (Karakatsouli et al, 2010;Kupren et al, 2011). Dry body weight is determined with one of several precisely described methods (Tandler et al, 1995;Steinarsson and Bjornsson, 1999;Fielder et al, 2005;Villalta et al, 2005;Cañavate et al, 2006;Wocher et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Procedure for Harmless Estimation of Fish Larvae Weight

Krejszeff

Żarski

Palińska‐Żarska

et al. 2013

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of this study was to evaluate a procedure of weighing live fish larvae and to determine its impact on the survival and growth rates based on the example of ide Leuciscus idus (L.). A 14-day rearing was conducted. Larvae were randomly divided into two groups -control (C) and experimental (E). During the experiment, 10% of larvae from the E group were sampled and weighed (with experimental method) daily. An integral part of weighing method was to place the anaesthetized larvae onto a nylon net platform. The platform with larvae was then dried on the blotting paper and next weighed together with larvae. The weight of the larvae was calculated by deducting the weight of the platform from the total weight recorded. After weighing, the fish were returned to the rearing tank. Fish from the control group were not manipulated during the whole experiment. At the end of the experiment 90 randomly chosen fish from each group were measured and weighted. No significant differences were recorded in larvae survival, weight and length (91.33±4.73%; 41.69±10.70 mg; 17.56±1.44 mm and 94.00±4.00%; 49.40±10.79 mg; 18.41±1.24 mm in E group and C group, respectively). Significant differences were recorded in case of SGR that reached 15.80±0.29 in C group and 14.60±0.17 in E group. The described method may be a useful tool for determining fish larvae weight. Although it requires conducting further researches in order to establish the influence of accompanying factors such as e.g. kind and concentration of anaesthetic.

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The effect of graded concentrations of dietary DHA on growth, survival and tissue fatty acid profile of Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae during the Artemia feeding period

Cited by 99 publications

References 31 publications

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a marine vertebrate: Ontogenetic and nutritional regulation of a fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a marine vertebrate: Ontogenetic and nutritional regulation of a fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity

Experimental evidence of fatty acid limited growth and survival in Pacific cod larvae

Procedure for Harmless Estimation of Fish Larvae Weight

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