The effect of graded levels of exercise on energy intake and balance in free-living women

Stubbs, R. James; Sepp, Anna Liisa I.; Hughes, D.A.; Johnstone, Alexandra M.; King, Neil; Horgan, Graham; Blundell, John

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801874

Cited by 159 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…17 However, Westerterp and Goran 18 recruited women aged 19-49 and Paul et al 17 recruited women with an average age of 48 ± 10 years. When Stubbs et al 20 increased energy expenditure over a period of 7 days by implementing 80 min of exercise per day in women aged 23 ± 0.6 years, they did not find any compensation in energy intake. This suggests that whether or not women compensate their energy intake to meet energy expenditure may depend on age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…As described earlier, the discrepancy between genders in the association between body composition and physical activity-related energy expenditure shown in previous studies was concluded to result from an increased energy intake to compensate for a higher energy expenditure in women compared with men. 18 Given that in young women, no compensation in energy intake was shown in response to an increase in energy expenditure, 20 we hypothesized an age effect for this compensatory mechanism. This hypothesis is affirmed by the association between body composition and physical activity shown in the present study.…”

Section: Body Composition and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition is associated with physical activity in daily life as measured using a triaxial accelerometer in both men and women

Hoed

2008

Int J Obes

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Background: Activity-related energy expenditure is the most variable component of total energy expenditure and thus an important determinant of energy balance. Objective: To determine whether body composition is related to physical activity in both men and women. Design: A total of 134 healthy participants were recruited (80 women, 54 men; aged 21 ± 2 years; body mass index, 22.0 ± 2.4). Physical activity was measured for a period of 2 weeks using a triaxial accelerometer for movement registration (Tracmor). Percentage body fat (%BF) was determined by underwater weighing and deuterium dilution according to Siri's threecompartment model. Results: The participant characteristicsFbody mass, height and gender together explained a substantial part of the variation in %BF (R 2 ¼ 0.75, SEE ¼ 4.0%). Adding physical activity to the model increased the explained variation in %BF with 4% (R 2 ¼ 0.79, SEE ¼ 3.7%, Po0.001). Taking seasonality into account by adding the number of daylight hours as an independent variable further increased the explained variation with 1% (R 2 ¼ 0.80, SEE ¼ 3.7%, Po0.05). In analogy, the association was evaluated for both genders separately. In women, %BF and physical activity were significantly associated (Po0.001). In men, %BF was only associated with physical activity when seasonality was taken into account as well (Po0.05). This probably resulted from men participating more in season bound sports, because an association was found without adjusting for seasonality when only men with a consistent year-round participation in sports were considered. Conclusion: Evidence was found for an association between body composition and physical activity in both genders. A consistent year-round degree of physical activity appears to be a prerequisite to reveal the association. Moreover, Tracmorassessed physical activity improves the estimate of %BF when a participant's characteristics are taken into account.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Body Composition and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition is associated with physical activity in daily life as measured using a triaxial accelerometer in both men and women

Hoed

2008

Int J Obes

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“…When extending daily exercise to weeks or months, sex differences in energy intake have been noted in some but not all studies. In a series of studies, Stubbs and colleagues [71,72] showed that there was no compensation in energy intake with 7 days of exercise in men. In contrast, women partially compensate by increasing energy intake (+33 %) in response to the same 7 days of exercise.…”

Section: Exercise and Ad Libitum Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Hagobian

Evero

2012

Curr Obes Rep

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Regular physical activity, in the form of structured daily exercise, plays a large role in obesity management. Previous studies suggest that when sedentary men and women start an exercise training program, men lose more body weight than women. This has led researchers to reason that women are better at defending weight than men in response to exercise. In this article, we review exercise studies examining weight loss in men and women, and highlight hormonal, neuronal, and ad libitum energy intake responses to physical activity that is consistent with or in disagreement with sex differences in weight loss. The developing story may impact our view on the use of physical activity to influence body weight and whether a true sex difference is evident.

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“…This is of clinical, as well as mechanistic, importance as adult individuals often increase energy intake when they exercise, 11,12 thus compensating for the extra energy deficit caused by exercise. Overweight and obese middle-aged men, with an increased waist circumferenceFa group at increased risk of cardio-metabolic disease, who are typically targeted with exercise for health interventionsFwere chosen for the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy replacement attenuates the effects of prior moderate exercise on postprandial metabolism in overweight/obese men

et al. 2007

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Background:The extent to which exercise-induced changes to postprandial metabolism are dependant on the associated energy deficit is not known. Objective: To determine the effects of exercise, with and without energy replacement, on postprandial metabolism. Design: Each subject underwent three 2-day trials in random order. On day 1 of each trial subjects rested (control), walked at 50% maximal oxygen uptake to induce a net energy expenditure of 27 kJ kg À1 body mass (energy-deficit) or completed the same walk with the net energy expended replaced (energy-replacement). On day 2 subjects completed an 8.5-h metabolic assessment. For 3 days prior to day 2, subjects consumed an isocaloric diet, avoided planned exercise (apart from exercise interventions) and alcohol. Subjects: A total of 13 overweight/obese men (age: 40 ± 8 years, body mass index: 31.1 ± 3.0 kg m À2 ). Measurements: Postprandial triglyceride, insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and substrate utilization rates were determined. Results: Energy-deficit lowered postprandial triglyceride concentrations by 14 and 10% compared with control and energyreplacement (Po0.05 for both). Energy-deficit increased postprandial 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations by 40 and 19% compared with control and energy-replacement (Po0.05 for both). Postprandial insulin concentrations were 18 and 10% lower for energy-deficit and energy-replacement compared with control and 10% lower for energy-deficit than energy-replacement (Po0.05 for all). Postprandial fat oxidation increased by 30 and 14% for energy-deficit and energy-replacement compared to control and was 12% higher for energy-deficit than energy-replacement (Po0.05 for all). Conclusion: Exercise with energy replacement lowered postprandial insulinaemia and increased fat oxidation. However an exercise-induced energy deficit augmented these effects and was necessary to lower postprandial lipaemia.

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The effect of graded levels of exercise on energy intake and balance in free-living women

Abstract: Markedly increasing EE through exercise produced significant but partial compensations in EI ( approximately 33% of EE due to exercise). Accurate adjustments of El to acute increases in EE are likely to take weeks rather than days.

Cited by 159 publications

References 11 publications

Body composition is associated with physical activity in daily life as measured using a triaxial accelerometer in both men and women

Body composition is associated with physical activity in daily life as measured using a triaxial accelerometer in both men and women

Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Energy replacement attenuates the effects of prior moderate exercise on postprandial metabolism in overweight/obese men

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